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Book Categories |
Executive Summary | 1 | |
1 | Introduction | 11 |
Important Terms | 13 | |
No Net Loss and the Section 404 Program | 16 | |
The Committee's Task | 20 | |
2 | Outcomes of Wetland Restoration and Creation | 22 |
Introduction | 22 | |
Five Wetland Functions | 27 | |
Factors That Contribute to the Performance of Mitigation Sites | 35 | |
Recommendations | 45 | |
3 | Watershed Setting | 46 |
Watershed Organization and Landscape Function | 46 | |
Wetland Function and Position in the Watershed | 47 | |
Watershed-Scale Patterns of Wetland Losses | 57 | |
A Watershed Template for Wetland Restoration and Conservation | 58 | |
Conclusions | 59 | |
Recommendations | 59 | |
4 | Wetland Permitting: History and Overview | 60 |
Evolution of Compensatory Mitigation Requirements in the CWA Section 404 Program | 60 | |
General Mitigation Requirements | 61 | |
General Corps Mitigation Requirements | 63 | |
CWA Section 404 Mitigation Requirements | 64 | |
Mitigation Banking | 67 | |
In-Lieu Fees | 69 | |
The Clean Water Act and the Goal of No Net Loss | 70 | |
Section 404 Permit Process | 73 | |
Inspection and Enforcement | 80 | |
5 | Compensatory Mitigation Mechanisms Under Section 404 | 82 |
Location of the Compensatory Mitigation Action | 83 | |
Legal Responsibility for the Mitigation | 86 | |
Relationship of Mitigation Actions to Permitted Activities (Timing) | 88 | |
The MBRT Process | 91 | |
Stewardship Requirements | 91 | |
A Taxonomy | 92 | |
Recommendation | 93 | |
6 | Mitigation Compliance | 94 |
Mitigation Planning | 95 | |
Mitigation Design Standards | 97 | |
Project Implementation | 101 | |
Compliance with Permit Conditions | 103 | |
Mitigation Ratios | 108 | |
Monitoring of Mitigation Projects | 110 | |
Monitoring Duration | 112 | |
The Compliance Record | 113 | |
Conclusions | 121 | |
Recommendations | 122 | |
7 | Technical Approaches Toward Achieving No Net Loss | 123 |
Operational Guidelines for Creating or Restoring Wetlands That Are Ecologically Self-Sustaining | 123 | |
Wetland Functional Assessment | 128 | |
The Floristic Approach | 129 | |
Habitat Evaluation Procedures and the Hydrogeomorphic Approach | 131 | |
HGM as a Functional Assessment Procedure | 132 | |
Recommendations | 136 | |
8 | Institutional Reforms for Enhancing Compensatory Mitigation | 138 |
Introduction | 138 | |
A Watershed-Based Approach to Compensatory Mitigation | 140 | |
Improvements in Permittee-Responsible Mitigation | 149 | |
Expectations for the Regulatory Agency | 154 | |
Third-Party Mitigation | 160 | |
Support for Increased State Responsibilities | 165 | |
Recommendations | 166 | |
References | 169 | |
Appendixes | ||
A | Survey of Studies: Comparison of Mitigation and Natural Wetlands | 189 |
B | Case Studies | 199 |
Everglades National Park | 199 | |
Coyote Creek Mitigation Site | 201 | |
North Carolina Wetland Restoration Program | 208 | |
C | Analyses of Soil, Plant, and Animal Communities for Mitigation Sites Compared With Reference Sites | 211 |
D | California Department of Fish and Game, South Coast Region; Guidelines for Wetland Mitigation | 217 |
E | Examples of Performance Standards for Wetland Creation and Restoration in Section 404 Permits and an Approach to Developing Performance Standards | 219 |
F | Memorandum for Commanders, Major Subordinate Commands, and District Commands, April 8, 1999 | 234 |
G | Army Corps of Engineers Standard Operating Procedures for the Regulatory Program | 239 |
H | Selected Attributes of 40 Common Wetland Functional Assessment Procedures | 285 |
I | Function, Factors, and Values Considered in Section 404 Permit Reviews | 292 |
J | Biographical Sketches of Committee Members | 294 |
Glossary | 299 | |
Index | 305 |
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Add Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act, Recognizing the importance of wetland protection, the Bush administration in 1988 endorsed the goal of no net loss of wetlands. Specifically, it directed that filling of wetlands should be avoided, and minimized when it cannot be avoided. When filling i, Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act to the inventory that you are selling on WonderClubX
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Add Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act, Recognizing the importance of wetland protection, the Bush administration in 1988 endorsed the goal of no net loss of wetlands. Specifically, it directed that filling of wetlands should be avoided, and minimized when it cannot be avoided. When filling i, Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act to your collection on WonderClub |