Growth, Equity and Employment: The Impact of the Economic Reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean Book

In the last ten to fifteen years, the Latin American and Caribbean region has undergone the most significant transformation of economic policy since World War II. Through a series of structural reforms, an increasing number of countries have moved from closed, state-dominated economies to ones that are more market oriented and open to the rest of the world. Policymakers expected that these changes, in conjunction with lower rates of inflation and increased spending in the social area, would speed up economic growth, increase productivity, and lead to the creation of more jobs and greater equality.

Have those expectations been fulfilled? Analyzing the impact of the reforms in nine countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru), this study provides a detailed picture of progress to date. At the overall regional level, the book suggests, the reforms have had a surprisingly small impact: a small positive impact on investment and growth, and a small negative impact on employment and income distribution. But at the country, sectoral, and microeconomic levels, it finds evidence of strong effects, with some units doing very well and others falling behind.

About the Authors:
Barbara Stallings is director of the Economic Development Division of ECLAC and former professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her most recent book is Global Change, Regional Response: The New International Context of Development (Cambridge, 1995).

Wilson Peres is head of the Industrial and Technological Unit of ECLAC and former consultant for the Mexican government. He is co-editor of a special issue of World Development entitled "The Microeconomics of the New Economic Model in Latin America" (September 2000).