CliffsQuickReview Spanish II Book

	Introduction	1
	Why You Need This Book	1
	How to Use This Book	1
	Visit Our Web Site	2
Chapter 1	Spelling and Pronunciation	3
	Consonants	3
	Double consonants	4
	Dictionary placement	5
	The letter c	5
	The letter g	5
	The letter j	6
	The letter h	6
	The letter d	6
	The letter t	7
	The letters b and v	7
	Vowels and Dipthongs	7
	Models for vowel pronunciation	8
	Vowel combinations	8
	Consonants as vowels	8
	Stress and Accentuation	9
Chapter 2	Review of Sentence and Question Structure	11
	Basic Sentence Structure	11
	Subject Pronouns	12
	Interrogative Pronouns (Question Words)	15
	"What" rule 1	16
	"What" rule 2	16
	"What" rule 3	17
	Creating and Answering Questions	17
	Writing questions with question words	19
	How to use the right pronoun to answer a question	21
Chapter 3	Review of the Present Tense Indicative	24
	Yo Irregulars	24
	-oy verbs	26
	-go verbs	26
	-zco verbs	27
	Verbs ending in -ger or -gir	28
	Ver and saber	29
	Extra Y Verbs	30
	Stem-Changing Verbs in the Present Tense	31
	e[greater than sign]ie stem-changers	31
	o[greater than sign]ue stem-changers	36
	e[greater than sign]i stem-changers	38
	The Really Irregular Verbs	39
Chapter 4	Review of the Past Tenses	41
	Regular Verbs in the Preterit Tense	41
	Verbs with Spelling Changes in the Preterit Tense	44
	Verbs that end in -car	44
	Verbs that end in -gar	45
	Verbs that end in -zar	46
	i to y	47
	-ar to -er Verbs in the Preterit Tense	49
	Stem-Changers in the Preterit Tense	49
	Morphing Irregulars in the Preterit Tense	51
	u-stem verbs	52
	i-stem verbs	52
	j-stem verbs	53
	The Truly Irregular Verbs in the Preterit	54
	Regular Verbs in the Imperfect	55
	The Three Imperfect Irregular Verbs	57
Chapter 5	New Verb Tenses	60
	The Future Tense	60
	Using the future tense in sentences	60
	Regular verbs	61
	Irregular verbs	63
	The Conditional Tense	68
	Using the conditional tense in sentences	68
	Regular verbs	69
	Irregular verbs	71
Chapter 6	The Perfect Tenses	74
	The Past Participle	74
	Regular past participles	75
	Irregular past participles	77
	The Helping Verb Haber	78
	Compound Tenses	79
	Present perfect	79
	Past perfect (pluperfect)	81
	Preterit perfect (past anterior)	81
	Future perfect (future anterior)	82
	Conditional perfect	83
Chapter 7	Subjunctive Mood I	85
	The Present Subjunctive	85
	Creating present subjunctive verb forms	85
	Present subjunctive of -ar verbs	86
	Verbs that end in -car, -gar, and -zar	87
	Present subjunctive of -er and -ir verbs	92
	Yo Irregulars	93
	-go verbs	93
	-zco verbs	94
	-zo verbs	96
	-gir verbs	97
	-guir verbs	98
	-uir verbs that add a y	99
	Stem-Changers in the Present Subjunctive	100
	Truly Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive	101
Chapter 8	Subjunctive Mood II	104
	When to Use the Subjunctive Mood	104
	Subjunctive Indicators	105
	Wishes	105
	Emotion	107
	Impersonal expressions	110
	Requests	113
	Doubt	116
	Conjunctions that determine mood by the tense of the first clause	122
Chapter 9	The Imperative	125
	Affirmative Tu Commands	126
	Regular verbs	126
	Irregular affirmative tu commands	126
	Command Forms Using the Subjunctive	127
	Spelling changes	129
	Nosotros ("Let's") Commands	135
	Vosotros Commands	136
	Using Pronouns with Commands	137
Chapter 10	Adjectives and Comparisons	141
	Basic Review of Adjectives	141
	Correct gender	141
	Using the plural forms of adjectives	143
	Placement of adjectives in a sentence	144
	Possessive Adjectives	146
	Demonstrative Adjectives	148
	Comparisons	151
	Superlatives	152
Chapter 11	Prepositions	155
	Simple Prepositions	155
	The preposition a	155
	The preposition de	158
	The preposition en	160
	The preposition con	161
	Por and para	162
	Compound Prepositions	167
	Idiomatic usage	168
	Verbs with prepositions	171
	Verbs Followed by Prepositions in English but Not in Spanish	174
	Use with infinitive	175
Chapter 12	Pronouns	177
	Object Pronouns	177
	Direct object pronouns	179
	Indirect object pronouns	180
	Reflexive Pronouns	183
	Common reflexive verbs	185
	Pronouns Used after a Preposition	191
	Demonstrative Pronouns	192
	Possessive Pronouns	193
	Pronoun Placement	195
	Relative Pronouns	197
Chapter 13	Passive Voice, Conjunctions, and More Sentence Variations	200
	Using the Passive Voice	200
	Passive voice created by ser and a past participle	201
	Passive voice created by se	202
	Passive voice created by hay que	203
	Conjunctions	203
	Pero and mas	203
	Sino	203
	O and y	204
	Subordinate conjunctions	205
	Correlative conjunctions	208
	Negatives	209
	Questions	210
	Cual and que	210
	Prepositions in questions	211
	Exclamations	212
	Que	213
	Cuanto	213
	Como	213
Chapter 14	Past Subjunctive and Sequence of Tenses	215
	Verb Rules for Forming the Past Subjunctive	215
	Sequence of Tenses	218
	Subjunctive Indicators	219
	Ojala	221
	Introductory clauses that show emotion	222
	The Past Subjunctive Formulas	222
	CQR Review	224
	CQR Resource Center	229
	Glossary	231
Appendix	Antonyms and Synonyms	235
	Antonyms	235
	Verbs and their opposites	235
	Nouns and their opposites	236
	Adjectives and their opposites	237
	More useful words and their opposites	239
	Synonyms	240
	Synonymous verbs	240
	Synonymous nouns	242
	More important synonyms	243
	Index	244