Sold Out
Sold Out
Book Categories |
Contributors | xiii | ||
Preface | xv | ||
1 | Introduction: Affect and Social Cognition | 1 | |
Philosophical and Speculative Theories Linking Affect and Cognition | 6 | ||
Some Early Empirical Evidence for Affective Influences on Cognition and Judgments | 7 | ||
Psychodynamic Approaches to Affect and Cognition | 8 | ||
Conditioning Approaches to Affect and Cognition | 9 | ||
The Emergence of a Cognitive Paradigm | 12 | ||
Major Areas of Contemporary Research on Affect and Social Cognition | 15 | ||
Affect and Cognition: Fundamental Issues and the Nature of the Relationship | 16 | ||
Affective Influences on the Content of Cognition | 17 | ||
Affect and Social Information Processing | 18 | ||
Affective Influences on Social Motivation and Intentions | 19 | ||
Affect, Cognition, and Interpersonal Behavior | 19 | ||
Personality and Individual Differences in Affectivity | 20 | ||
Conclusion | 21 | ||
References | 22 | ||
I | The Relationship Between Affect and Cognition: Fundamental Issues | ||
2 | The Interaction of Affect and Cognition: A Neurobiological Perspective | 27 | |
Cognitive Affect | 28 | ||
Affective Modulation of Memory, Attention, and Decision Making in Animals | 30 | ||
Affect Modulates Declarative Memory | 33 | ||
Affect Modulates Decision Making | 37 | ||
Affect and Social Judgment | 40 | ||
Conclusions | 43 | ||
Acknowledgments | 45 | ||
References | 45 | ||
3 | Affect and Attitudes: A Social Neuroscience Approach | 50 | |
Why Social Neuroscience? | 51 | ||
The Separability of Positive and Negative Affect | 52 | ||
The Evaluative Space Model | 54 | ||
Neural Substrates | 57 | ||
Negativity Bias | 58 | ||
Summary | 59 | ||
Rerepresentation of Evaluative Processes Across the Neuraxis | 60 | ||
Feeling without Knowing | 63 | ||
Applications to Implicit and Explicit Prejudice | 65 | ||
Different Evaluative Mechanisms or Decreased Activation with Practice? | 67 | ||
Summary | 68 | ||
Conclusion | 69 | ||
References | 70 | ||
4 | Affect and Cognitive Appraisal Processes | 75 | |
Appraisal Theory: Its Purpose and Major Assumptions | 77 | ||
Structural Models of Appraisal | 80 | ||
Toward a Process Model of Appraisal | 84 | ||
Appraisal Theory, Affect, and Social Cognition | 89 | ||
References | 90 | ||
II | Affective Influences on the Content of Cognition | ||
5 | Mood and Social Memory | 95 | |
Affective Features of Social Episode Representations | 96 | ||
Memory for Emotional Episodes | 98 | ||
Affective Recall without Factual Recall | 99 | ||
Emotional Units in Associative Networks | 103 | ||
Mood-Dependent Retrieval | 104 | ||
Mood-Congruent Processing | 108 | ||
Limitations on Mood Congruity | 110 | ||
Information-Processing Strategies that Moderate Mood Effects on Memory | 112 | ||
Summary and Conclusions | 115 | ||
Acknowledgment | 116 | ||
References | 117 | ||
6 | Affect as Information | 121 | |
Affect and Judgment | 122 | ||
Traditional Views | 122 | ||
The Affect-as-Information View | 123 | ||
Mood and Processing | 129 | ||
Priming and Processing | 133 | ||
Mood and Memory | 136 | ||
Summary | 139 | ||
Acknowledgments | 140 | ||
References | 141 | ||
7 | Affective Influences on the Self-Concept: Qualifying the Mood-Congruency Principle | 145 | |
The Affect Infusion Model | 147 | ||
Type of Self-Conceptions | 147 | ||
Individual Differences | 151 | ||
Judgmental Task Features | 154 | ||
Concluding Remarks | 156 | ||
References | 158 | ||
III | Affective Influences on Social Information Processing | ||
8 | Affective Influences on Social Information Processing | 163 | |
A Fundamental Processing Dichotomy | 165 | ||
Basic Assumptions, Methods, and Findings | 166 | ||
Mood-Congruency Effects | 168 | ||
Mood Effects on Information-Processing Style | 169 | ||
Boundary Conditions of Mood-Congruent Memory and Judgment | 171 | ||
Integrating the Evidence in Terms of Processing Differences: The Affect Infusion Model (AIM) | 172 | ||
The Processing Consequences of Affect | 176 | ||
Affect, Cognition, and Adaptive Learning: Assimilation versus Accommodation | 177 | ||
Summary and Conclusions | 182 | ||
References | 183 | ||
9 | Promotion and Prevention Experiences: Relating Emotions to Nonemotional Motivational States | 186 | |
Promotion and Prevention Focus Concerns | 189 | ||
Promotion and Prevention: Nonemotional Motivational States | 192 | ||
Promotion and Prevention: Emotional Experiences | 195 | ||
Promotion and Prevention Experiences of Motivational Strength | 200 | ||
Additional Implications of Promotion and Prevention for Emotion | 203 | ||
Acknowledgments | 208 | ||
References | 208 | ||
10 | The Role of Affect in Attitude Change | 212 | |
Attitude Structure | 215 | ||
Attitude Change with Relevant Affect | 216 | ||
Affective versus Cognitive Appeals | 216 | ||
Fear Appeals | 217 | ||
Attitude Change with Irrelevant (Incidental) Affect | 218 | ||
Effects of Emotional Factors Under Low-Elaboration Conditions | 219 | ||
Effects of Emotional Factors Under High-Elaboration Conditions | 221 | ||
Effects of Emotional Factors Under Moderate-Elaboration Conditions | 223 | ||
Mood-Correction Effects | 226 | ||
Conclusion | 228 | ||
References | 228 | ||
IV | Affective Influences on Motivation and Intentions | ||
11 | The Role of Affect in Cognitive-Dissonance Processes | 237 | |
Overview of the Theory of Cognitive Dissonance | 238 | ||
Research Paradigms | 239 | ||
Role of Negative Affect | 240 | ||
A Conceptualization of Why Dissonance Produces Negative Affect | 240 | ||
Cognitive Discrepancy as an Antecedent of Negative Affect | 241 | ||
Dissonance and Physiological Responses | 241 | ||
Dissonance and Self-Reported Negative Affect | 242 | ||
Using Assessments of Negative Affect to Understand the Motivation Underlying Dissonance Reduction | 242 | ||
Critical Evaluation | 244 | ||
On the Causal Relation Between Dissonance, Affect, and Discrepancy Reduction | 245 | ||
The Relation of Dissonance-Produced Affect to Discrepancy Reduction | 245 | ||
Dissonance and Misattribution of Affect | 247 | ||
Independent Sources of Affect and Discrepancy Reduction | 249 | ||
Affective Consequences of Cognitive-Discrepancy Reduction | 250 | ||
Does Discrepancy Reduction Decrease Physiological Responses? | 251 | ||
Does Discrepancy Reduction Decrease Negative Affect? | 251 | ||
Resolving Discrepant Findings for Physiological Responses and Reported Affect | 252 | ||
Summary and Conclusions | 252 | ||
Acknowledgments | 252 | ||
References | 253 | ||
12 | Mood as a Resource in Processing Self-Relevant Information | 256 | |
Mood as a Resource in Overcoming Defensiveness | 257 | ||
Mood-Incongruent Information Search | 258 | ||
Self-Induced Positive Mood | 261 | ||
Mood as a Resource and Mood as a Goal | 262 | ||
Research on Mood as a Resource versus a Goal in Feedback-Seeking Behavior | 263 | ||
Mood as a Resource versus a Goal in Processing Persuasive Messages | 267 | ||
Mood-Incongruent Recall | 267 | ||
Affective Consequences of Processing | 268 | ||
Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions | 269 | ||
Conclusions | 270 | ||
References | 272 | ||
13 | The Role of Motivated Social Cognition in the Regulation of Affective States | 275 | |
The Search for Mood Repair | 276 | ||
The Social Constraints Model of Mood Regulation and Processing | 279 | ||
Mood Regulation: What and When | 284 | ||
Research Supporting the Social Constraints Model: The Coolness Effect | 285 | ||
Research Supporting the Appropriateness Hypothesis I: Strangers versus Romantic Couples | 286 | ||
Research Supporting the Appropriateness Hypothesis II: Accepting versus Critical Others | 287 | ||
Some Parting Thoughts | 288 | ||
References | 289 | ||
V | Affective Influences on Cognitively Mediated Social Behaviors | ||
14 | Affect, Cognition, and Interpersonal Behavior: The Mediating Role of Processing Strategies | 293 | |
Affect Congruence in Interpersonal Behavior | 295 | ||
Affect Infusion: A Question of Processing Style? | 296 | ||
Affective Influences on Behavior Interpretation | 300 | ||
Affect and Eyewitness Memory for Observed Interactions | 302 | ||
Affective Influences on Spontaneous Interaction | 303 | ||
Affect Infusion and Interpersonal Strategies: Making a Request | 304 | ||
Affective Influences on Responding to Unexpected Social Situations | 307 | ||
Affective Influences on Planned Strategic Encounters | 308 | ||
Affective Influences on Persuasive Communication | 311 | ||
The Interaction Between Affect and Cognitive-Processing Strategies | 312 | ||
Summary and Conclusions | 314 | ||
Acknowledgments | 316 | ||
References | 316 | ||
15 | Affective Influences on Stereotyping and Intergroup Relations | 319 | |
The Affective Context of Intergroup Relations | 320 | ||
Chronic Integral Affect | 321 | ||
Episodic Integral Affect | 322 | ||
Incidental Affect | 324 | ||
Mechanisms of Affective Influence on the Stereotyping Process | 326 | ||
Category Identification | 326 | ||
Stereotype Activation | 328 | ||
Stereotype Application | 330 | ||
Stereotype Correction | 336 | ||
Final Thoughts | 337 | ||
References | 338 | ||
16 | Affect and Health-Relevant Cognition | 344 | |
Induced Mood and Thoughts about Health | 346 | ||
Direct Effects of Mood on Illness: Findings from Psychoneuroimmunology | 349 | ||
Induced Mood and Immunologic Parameters | 349 | ||
Laughter and Immunity | 350 | ||
Dispositional Links Between Mood and Health | 351 | ||
Optimism | 351 | ||
Hope | 352 | ||
Religiosity | 353 | ||
Mood-Regulatory Skills | 354 | ||
Hardiness | 355 | ||
Negative Affectivity | 356 | ||
Affect Intensity | 357 | ||
Mood and Attentional Focus | 358 | ||
Affect, Health-Relevant Cognition, and Social Support | 359 | ||
Changes in Mood Motivate Health-Relevant Behaviors | 361 | ||
Conclusion | 362 | ||
Acknowledgments | 363 | ||
References | 363 | ||
VI | The Role of Individual Differences in Affectivity | ||
17 | Personality as a Moderator of Affective Influences on Cognition | 371 | |
Personality Traits that Enhance Mood-Congruent Processing | 375 | ||
Extraversion and Neuroticism | 375 | ||
Other Negative Traits | 378 | ||
Personality Traits that Reverse Negative Mood-Congruent Processing | 379 | ||
Mood-Regulation | 380 | ||
Self-Esteem | 382 | ||
When Are Personality and Mood Effects on Cognition Present? | 383 | ||
Type of Mood Induction | 384 | ||
Motivations to Regulate Emotions | 385 | ||
Type of Cognitive Task | 386 | ||
Difficulties in Research on Personality, Mood, and Cognition | 387 | ||
References | 388 | ||
18 | Affect, Stress, and Personality | 392 | |
The Big Five, Affective Experience, and Stress | 394 | ||
Neuroticism and Responses to Life Events | 396 | ||
Processes Contributing to the Neurotic Cascade | 399 | ||
Personality in the Context of Affective-Cognitive Networks | 402 | ||
Person [times] Environment Fit: The Case of Agreeableness | 403 | ||
Conclusions | 405 | ||
Acknowledgments | 406 | ||
References | 406 | ||
19 | Emotion, Intelligence, and Emotional Intelligence | 410 | |
Putting Emotion and Cognition in Their Place | 413 | ||
The Trilogy of Mind | 413 | ||
Other Parts of Personality | 415 | ||
Emotional Traits | 415 | ||
Cognitive Traits | 416 | ||
Emotion and Cognition: What Is Intelligence and What Is Not? | 417 | ||
The Theory of Emotional Intelligence | 418 | ||
Emotion as Information | 418 | ||
Emotional Perception | 419 | ||
Emotional Integration |
|