Process Piping Design Handbook: The Fundamentals of Piping Design Book

List of Figures     xiii
List of Tables     xvii
Foreword     xix
Preface     xxi
Piping Codes, Standards, and Specifications     1
Introduction     1
Definitions     2
American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler Pressure Vessel Codes     3
American Society of Mechanical Engineers B31, Codes for Pressure Piping     14
Standards and Specifications     24
American Society of Mechanical Engineers     26
American Petroleum Institute     30
American Society for Testing and Materials     32
American Society for Nondestructive Testing     39
American Society for Quality     39
American Welding Society     40
American Water Works Association     41
Copper Development Association     42
Compressed Gas Association     43
Canadian Standards Association     43
Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association     43
Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry     43
National Association of Corrosion Engineers     45
National Fire Protection Association     45
Pipe Fabrication Institute     46
Society of Automotive Engineers     48
Piping Components     49
Introduction to Piping Components     50
Pipe     51
Pipe Sizes     62
Pipe Ends     67
Pipe Fittings     70
Butt-Weld End Fittings     72
Socket-Weld and Threaded-End Fittings     73
Flanged Joints     74
Valves     80
Valve Codes and Standards     82
Classification of Operation Valves     87
Valve Classification     92
Valve Components     94
Bolts and Gaskets (Fasteners and Sealing Elements)     101
The Process of Joint Integrity     102
Flange Joint Components     103
The Flanged Joint System     111
Metallic Materials for Piping Components     115
Properties of Piping Materials     117
Chemical Properties of Metals     117
Mechanical Properties of Metals     118
Elongation and Reduction of Area     119
Physical Properties of Metals     120
Metallic Materials     122
Alloying of Steel     122
Types of Steel     125
Mild (Low-Carbon) Steel      125
Medium-Carbon Steel     125
High-Carbon Steel     125
High-Tensile Steel     125
Stainless Steel     126
Steel Heat-Treating Methods     131
Annealing     131
Normalizing     132
Hardening     132
Tempering     132
Nonferrous Metals in Alloying     132
Material Specifications     133
American Society for Testing and Materials     133
Unified Numbering System of Ferrous Metals and Alloys     135
Roles and Responsibilities     137
The Lead Piping Engineer     138
Piping Materials Engineering Group     139
Project Lead Piping Materials Engineer     140
Senior Piping Materials Engineer     141
Piping Design Group     142
Project Piping Area/Unit Supervisor (Squad Boss)     143
Project Piping CAD Coordinator     143
Project Piping Designers-Checkers     144
Piping Materials Control Group     145
Project Lead Piping Materials Controller     146
Project Piping Materials Controller     147
Piping Stress Engineering Group     148
Project Lead Piping Stress Engineer      148
Project Piping Stress Engineer     148
Other Engineering Disciplines Involved     150
Process Engineering     151
Mechanical Engineering     154
Instrument Engineering     155
Civil Engineering     155
Structural Engineering     155
Projects     157
Project Types     157
Project Phases     160
Feasibility Phase     160
Conception Phase     160
Front-End Engineering Development Phase     161
Detailed Engineering Phase     162
Construction Phase     166
Precommissioning and Commissioning Phase     169
Startup and Handover to the Owner     169
Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection     171
Codes and Standards Considerations     172
Fabrication Materials for Piping Systems     172
Fabrication Drawings     173
Fabrication Activities     174
Cutting     174
Beveling     174
Forming     175
Bending     175
Welding     178
Welding Processes     179
Preheating     181
Heat Treatment     181
Brazing and Soldering     183
Protection of Carbon Steel in Corrosive Services     183
Corrosion Allowance     184
Internal Galvanizing of Pipe and Piping Systems     184
Pipe Cladding     186
Assembly and Erection     186
Alignment     186
Flanged Joints     188
Threaded Joints     188
Inspection and Testing     191
Piping Codes     191
Types of Examination     196
Visual Examination     197
Liquid Penetrant Examination     197
Magnetic Particle Examination     198
Radiographic Examination     199
Ultrasonic Examination     200
Testing of Piping Systems     200
Some Limitations on the Pressure Testing of Piping Systems     201
Special Provisions for Testing     202
Preparation for Leak Test     202
Leak-Testing Methods     202
Hydrostatic Leak Test     202
Pneumatic Leak Test     204
Combination Hydrostatic-Pneumatic Leak Test     204
Initial Service Leak Testing     205
Choice of Testing Medium     205
Test Pack     206
Punch List     206
Listed Material     209
Ferrous Metals     209
Nonferrous Material     213
American Petroleum Institute     217
General Engineering Data     219
Index     231