Natural Attenuation of Trace Element Availability in Soils Book

Natural Attenuation of Trace Element Availability in Soils Assessed by Chemical Extraction; B.R. Singh Chemical Extraction Techniques Attenuation of Element Solubility and Availability in Contaminated Soils Other Experimental Parameters of Importance Conclusions

Techniques for Measuring Attenuation: Isotopic Dilution Methods; S. Young, N. Crout, J. Hutchinson, A. Tye, S. Tandy, L. Nakhone Methodology Applications Conclusions and Future Directions

Biological Assessment of Natural Attenuation of Metals in Soil; E. Lombi, D.P. Stevens, R.E. Hamon, M.J. McLaughlin Plants as Biological Indicators of Natural Attenuation of Metals in Soil Invertebrates as Biological Indicators of Natural Attenuation of Metals in Soil Microbial End Points as Biological Indicators of Natural Attenuation Limitations of Biological Approaches to Investigate Natural Attenuation Future Uses and Challenges

Long-Term Fate of Metal Contaminants in Soils and Sediments: Role of Intraparticle Diffusion in Hydrous Metal Oxides; P. Trivedi and L. Axe Introduction to Sorption Kinetics Experimental Methods Modeling Approach Results and Discussion Intraparticle Diffusion and Site Activation Theory Spectroscopic Evidences of Intraparticle Diffusion Oxide Coatings Conclusions

Structural Dynamics of Metal Partitioning to Mineral Surfaces; R. Ford Ion Partitioning in Unsaturated and Saturated Soils Partitioning Processes Relevant Process Rates Influence on Fate and Transport Data Gaps and Future Directions

Effects of Humic Substances on Attenuation of Metal Bioavailability and Mobility in Soil; C.A. Impellitteri and H.E. Allen Humic Substances: Definitions and Structure Solid Phase Organic Substances Leaching of Solid-Phase Soil Organic Matter Sorption of Dissolved Humic Substances Metal Attenuation by Solid-Phase Organic Matter Metal Sorption and Chelation by Soluble and Potentially Soluble Humic Substances Ternary Complexation Effect of Humic Substances on the Solid Phase and Solution Phase Distribution of Metals Humic Substances, Metals, and Models Models Including Humic Substances Conclusion

Attenuation of Metal Toxicity in Soils by Biological Processes; M.B. McBride The Biological Response to Metal Stress Experimental Evidence for Biological Control of Metal Solubility Implications of Biological Control: Explaining Metal Losses from Soils Summary

Redox Processes and Attenuation of Metal Availability in Soils; N. Menzies Redox Conditions in Soils Redox-Active Trace Elements in Soils Indirect Effects on Trace Element Availability Attenuation of Metal Availability by Redox Reactions

Fixation of Cadmium and Zinc in Soils: Implications for Risk Assessment; E. Smolders and F. Degryse Introduction Zinc

Natural Attenuation: Implications for Trace Metal/Metalloid Nutrition; R. Hamon, S. Stacey, E. Lombi, M. McLaughlin Essential Micronutrients Importance of Understanding Micronutrient Attenuation Studies of Micronutrient Attenuation Environmental Consequences Strategies to Access Fixed Forms of Micronutrients Strategies to Minimize Fixation of Trace Elements Applied as Fertilizers Conclusions

Use of Soil Amendments to Attenuate Trace Element Exposure: Sustainability, Side Effects, and Failures; M. Mench, J. Vagronsveld, Limburgs, N. Lepp, A. Ruttens, Limburgs, P. Bleeker, W. Geebelen Types of Soil Amendments Endpoints for Testing Efficacy of Attenuation Background to Experimental Sites Chemical Tests and Speciation Leaching Effects of Different Amendments on Plant Growth and Contaminant Uptake Impacts on and Uptake by Other Organisms Biodiversity and Genetic Adaptation of Organisms Failures, Side Effects, and Limitations of Chemical Immobilization Methods for Soil Remediation Conclusions

Index