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Sources | xiii | |
Preface and Acknowledgements | xv | |
Introduction | 1 | |
1 | The Character of Logic | 31 |
1(a) | Aristotle's logic | 31 |
1(b) | Is logic a part or an instrument of philosophy? | 32 |
2 | Methodology | 37 |
2(a) | Methodology of the commentators | 37 |
(i) | Harmony of Plato and Aristotle and qualities of the commentator | 37 |
(ii) | Order of study | 41 |
(iii) | Innovation, traditionalism, loyalty, plagiarism | 43 |
(iv) | Decisions of authenticity of texts | 46 |
(v) | Relevance of dramatis personae to interpretation | 48 |
(vi) | Impossible thought experiments | 48 |
2(b) | Methodology of Plato and Aristotle | 51 |
(i) | Dialogues vs. plays | 51 |
(ii) | Proems of dialogues | 51 |
(iii) | Myths | 52 |
(iv) | Obscurity | 54 |
3 | Categories | 56 |
3(a) | The attack on Aristotle's Categories | 56 |
3(b) | Is Aristotle's Categories about words, concepts, or things? | 61 |
3(c) | Why ten categories and why these ten? | 62 |
3(d) | Plotinus' attack and replies: substance | 67 |
3(e) | Plotinus' denial of substancehood to sensible substances | 72 |
3(f) | Iamblichus' intellective interpretation in further categories: where | 74 |
3(g) | Plotinus' attack and replies: quantity | 76 |
3(h) | Plotinus' category of change, and replies | 78 |
3(i) | Aristotle's category of relatives and Cambridge change | 79 |
3(j) | Plotinus on the reality of relatives | 88 |
3(k) | The four Stoic categories | 90 |
3(l) | Plotinus on quality, and replies | 91 |
3(m) | Plotinus on the origin in the intelligible world of qualities | 94 |
3(n) | Plotinus on when and where, and replies | 95 |
3(o) | Plotinus on action and passion, and replies | 98 |
3(p) | Plotinus against 'having on' (wearing), and replies | 102 |
3(q) | Plotinus against posture, and replies | 103 |
3(r) | Plotinus: intelligible being as a unity characterised by 'Five Kinds' | 103 |
3(s) | 'Present in' and 'said of' | 106 |
3(t) | Inseparability of particular accidents | 107 |
3(u) | Is Socrates an accident of place? | 109 |
3(v) | Are we to treat as accidents present in a subject what is in a species? | 110 |
3(w) | How do differentiae fit into the categories? | 111 |
3(x) | Are differentiae potential or actual in the genus? | 120 |
3(y) | Is form substance or an accident of matter? | 122 |
3(z) | Is matter in any category? | 125 |
4 | Predicables | 126 |
5 | Universals | 128 |
5(a) | The move away from transcendent universals | 128 |
5(b) | Forms defended from the Third Man argument | 131 |
5(c) | Seven kinds of universal | 133 |
(i) | 1, 3, 4: Platonic Forms, Aristotelian universals in things, Aristotelian concepts | 135 |
(ii) | 4, 5: Aristotelian assembled concepts and Platonic recollected concepts | 138 |
(iii) | 6: Aristotelian abstracted concepts in mathematics vs. Platonic concepts | 142 |
(iv) | 7: Geometrical universals extended and pluralised in the imagination | 143 |
(v) | 2: Forms as creative logoi in the mind of God | 144 |
5(d) | Stoic universals | 147 |
5(e) | Alexander's universals | 149 |
5(f) | Porphyry's universals | 156 |
5(g) | Boethius' interpretation of Alexander's universals | 159 |
5(h) | Forms as causes: genus as causative in Neoplatonism | 160 |
5(i) | Forms as causes: dunamis in Neoplatonism | 162 |
6 | Particulars | 164 |
6(a) | Forms of individuals in Aristotle | 164 |
6(b) | The individual as a unique bundle of characteristics | 165 |
6(c) | Individuals treated like species | 168 |
6(d) | What differentiates individuals? | 169 |
(i) | Distinctive qualities | 169 |
(ii) | Place | 171 |
(iii) | Matter | 172 |
(iv) | The Stoics on all three | 173 |
6(e) | Particular forms in Aristotle | 174 |
6(f) | Particularity of unmoved movers in Alexander | 175 |
6(g) | Forms of individuals in Plotinus | 176 |
6(h) | Persistence over time | 176 |
(i) | Biological growth in Aristotle | 176 |
(ii) | Biological growth in Alexander and Philoponus | 177 |
(iii) | Biological growth in the Stoics and others | 178 |
(iv) | Can events or states return to existence? | 179 |
(v) | The next life - Stoics and Alexander | 179 |
(vi) | The next life - Christians | 181 |
(vii) | The Platonist soul vehicle | 183 |
(viii) | The next life - Epicureans | 183 |
(ix) | Perishing cannot be a merely relational change - Stoics | 184 |
(x) | Parfit on survival | 186 |
(xi) | Same only in form | 187 |
7 | Philosophy of Language | 205 |
7(a) | Do words mean thoughts or things? | 205 |
7(b) | The thoughts as an inner language | 211 |
7(c) | Are names natural or conventional? | 213 |
7(d) | Names given by God | 220 |
7(e) | Names as descriptions | 226 |
7(f) | Writing | 228 |
7(g) | The primary bearers of truth and falsity | 229 |
7(h) | Ambiguity, homonymy | 230 |
(i) | Are hononyms ambiguous names, or things named ambiguously? | 230 |
(ii) | Do homonyms have definitions, or can they include individuals? | 232 |
(iii) | What is it for homonyms to have the same name? | 233 |
(iv) | The kinds of homonymy | 234 |
7(i) | Metaphor | 235 |
7(j) | First and second imposition of expressions | 237 |
7(k) | Parts of speech and parts of sentence | 239 |
7(l) | The verb 'to be' | 240 |
7(m) | Speech acts and types of sentence | 244 |
7(n) | Communication and projection of concepts | 245 |
7(o) | Learning language | 249 |
8 | Syllogism | 250 |
8(a) | Aristotelians vs. Stoics and Galen on syllogism | 250 |
(i) | The contrast | 250 |
(ii) | Can Aristotelian syllogism discuss comparative size? | 251 |
(iii) | Stoic syllogisms with one premiss | 252 |
(iv) | Aristotelians against indemonstrable hypothetical premisses of Stoics | 253 |
(v) | Wholly hypothetical arguments reducible to Aristotelian categoricals? | 256 |
8(b) | Fourth syllogistic figure | 258 |
8(c) | Aristotle's 'perfect' syllogisms | 259 |
8(d) | Syllogisms concerning every case and most cases | 259 |
9 | Induction and Certainty | 262 |
9(a) | Induction | 262 |
9(b) | Innate logoi to fill the necessity gap | 263 |
9(c) | Spotting the essence by intellect from one example | 264 |
9(d) | Tekmeriodic proof to fill the gap | 265 |
9(e) | Analysis | 268 |
9(f) | Scepticism and philosophy | 271 |
10 | Modal Logic | 273 |
10(a) | What kind of possibility is contingency (endekhomenon)? | 273 |
10(b) | Alexander: necessity and contingency partly reduced to time | 275 |
10(c) | Do modal relations include the actual? | 278 |
10(d) | Syllogisms with mixed necessary and actual premisses | 278 |
10(e) | 'This man has died' - possible because of previous worlds? | 280 |
11 | Existence of the Subject in Affirmative and Negative Statements | 283 |
11(a) | Alexander vs. the Stoics on singular statements | 283 |
11(b) | Other disputes arising from Aristotle | 286 |
(i) | Affirmations | 286 |
(ii) | Predication of indefinite names and verbs | 288 |
(iii) | Simple denials | 289 |
11(c) | General terms, Stoics and Neoplatonists | 290 |
12 | Philosophy of Mathematics | 293 |
12(a) | Alexander: mathematical objects abstracted, not substantial as in Plato | 293 |
12(b) | Neoplatonist geometrical figures projected from thought into imagination | 293 |
12(c) | Neoplatonists on objects of arithmetic residing in thought | 300 |
13 | Simplicity and the Need for the One | 304 |
14 | The Three Hypostases: Soul, Intellect, One | 310 |
14(a) | Plotinus | 310 |
14(b) | Later Neoplatonism | 311 |
14(c) | Christianity and monotheism | 312 |
15 | Realism vs. Intentionality | 317 |
15(a) | Sensibles | 317 |
15(b) | Objects of discursive thought | 317 |
15(c) | Intelligibles | 317 |
16 | Consciousness Pervasive | 326 |
17 | The Unity of Minds | 332 |
17(a) | We and our soul are the intelligibles, are all things | 332 |
17(b) | Becoming Intellect | 334 |
17(c) | Union with the One | 338 |
17(d) | Are all souls one with each other and is soul indivisible? | 340 |
17(e) | Are all intellects one with each other and is Intellect indivisible? | 347 |
18 | Problems about the Differentiation of Selves | 350 |
18(a)(i) | Introduction | 350 |
18(a)(ii) | The true self | 352 |
18(b) | Do Platonic Forms of individual souls differentiate persons? | 362 |
18(c) | What differentiates souls, or intellects, or selves? | 368 |
(i) | In the body | 368 |
(ii) | When discarnate, but below the intelligible world | 368 |
(iii) | Souls in the intelligible world | 370 |
18(d) | The analogy of a theorem | 372 |
The Ancient Commentators on Aristotle translation series | 377 | |
Translators in the Sourcebook | 379 | |
Abbreviations and Sigla | 381 | |
Main Thinkers Represented in the Sourcebook | 383 | |
Index Locorum | 387 |
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Add Logic and Metaphysics, Vol. 3, The third volume of this invaluable sourcebook covers three main subject areas. First, the metaphysics of Aristotle's logical works: the concepts of universal and particular underwent surprising transformations in this period, which gave rise to debates, , Logic and Metaphysics, Vol. 3 to the inventory that you are selling on WonderClubX
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Add Logic and Metaphysics, Vol. 3, The third volume of this invaluable sourcebook covers three main subject areas. First, the metaphysics of Aristotle's logical works: the concepts of universal and particular underwent surprising transformations in this period, which gave rise to debates, , Logic and Metaphysics, Vol. 3 to your collection on WonderClub |