Sold Out
Book Categories |
Preface | xi | |
1 | Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics | 1 |
The Nature of Social Research | 1 | |
Why Test Hypotheses? | 2 | |
The Stages of Social Research | 4 | |
Using Series of Numbers To Do Social Research | 4 | |
The Functions of Statistics | 9 | |
Summary | 13 | |
Questions and Problems | 14 | |
Looking at the Larger Picture: A Student Survey | 16 | |
Part 1 | Description | 19 |
2 | Organizing the Data | 21 |
Frequency Distributions of Nominal Data | 21 | |
Comparing Distributions | 22 | |
Proportions and Percentages | 23 | |
Simple Frequency Distributions of Ordinal and Interval Data | 24 | |
Grouped Frequency Distributions of Interval Data | 25 | |
Cumulative Distributions | 27 | |
Dealing with Decimal Data | 29 | |
Flexible Class Intervals | 31 | |
Cross-Tabulations | 33 | |
Graphic Presentations | 39 | |
Summary | 45 | |
Questions and Problems | 45 | |
3 | Measures of Central Tendency | 53 |
The Mode | 53 | |
The Median | 54 | |
The Mean | 55 | |
Taking One Step at a Time | 57 | |
Step-By-Step Illustration: Mode, Median, and Mean | 57 | |
Comparing the Mode, Median, and Mean | 58 | |
Summary | 62 | |
Questions and Problems | 63 | |
4 | Measures of Variability | 67 |
The Range | 68 | |
The Variance and the Standard Deviation | 69 | |
Step-By-Step Illustration: Standard Deviation | 70 | |
The Raw-Score Formula for Variance and Standard Deviation | 71 | |
Step-By-Step Illustration: Variance and Standard Deviation Using Raw Scores | 72 | |
The Meaning of the Standard Deviation | 73 | |
Comparing Measures of Variability | 76 | |
Summary | 77 | |
Questions and Problems | 77 | |
Looking at the Larger Picture: Describing Data | 80 | |
Part 2 | From Description to Decision Making | 85 |
5 | Probability and the Normal Curve | 87 |
Probability | 88 | |
Probability Distributions | 88 | |
The Normal Curve as a Probability Distribution | 92 | |
Characteristics of the Normal Curve | 92 | |
The Model and the Reality of the Normal Curve | 93 | |
The Area under the Normal Curve | 94 | |
Standard Scores and the Normal Curve | 100 | |
Finding Probability under the Normal Curve | 104 | |
Step-By-Step Illustration: Probability under the Normal Curve | 104 | |
Summary | 108 | |
Questions and Problems | 109 | |
6 | Samples and Populations | 112 |
Random Sampling | 113 | |
Sampling Error | 114 | |
Sampling Distribution of Means | 115 | |
Standard Error of the Mean | 122 | |
Confidence Intervals | 123 | |
The t Distribution | 126 | |
Step-By-Step Illustration: Confidence Interval Using t | 131 | |
Estimating Proportions | 134 | |
Step-By-Step Illustration: Confidence Interval for Proportions | 135 | |
Summary | 136 | |
Questions and Problems | 136 | |
Looking at the Larger Picture: Generalizing from Samples to Populations | 140 | |
Part 3 | Decision Making | 143 |
7 | Testing Differences between Means | 145 |
The Null Hypothesis: No Difference between Means | 147 | |
The Research Hypothesis: A Difference between Means | 148 | |
Sampling Distribution of Differences between Means | 148 | |
Testing Hypotheses with the Distribution of Differences between Means | 152 | |
Levels of Significance | 155 | |
Standard Error of the Difference between Means | 160 | |
Testing the Difference between Means | 161 | |
Step-by-Step Illustration: Test of Difference between Means | 162 | |
Comparing the Same Sample Measured Twice | 165 | |
Step-by-Step Illustration: Test of Difference between Means for Same Sample Measured Twice | 166 | |
Two-Sample Test of Proportions | 168 | |
Step-by-Step Illustration: Test of Difference between Proportions | 169 | |
Requirements for Testing the Difference between Means | 171 | |
Summary | 172 | |
Questions and Problems | 172 | |
8 | Analysis of Variance | 183 |
The Logic of Analysis of Variance | 184 | |
The Sum of Squares | 186 | |
Mean Square | 192 | |
The F Ratio | 193 | |
Step-by-Step Illustration: Analysis of Variance | 196 | |
Requirements for Using the F Ratio | 200 | |
Summary | 200 | |
Questions and Problems | 201 | |
9 | Nonparametric Tests of Significance | 207 |
The Chi-Square Test | 208 | |
Step-by-Step Illustration: Chi-Square Test of Significance | 213 | |
Step-by-Step Illustration: Chi-Square Test for Several Groups | 217 | |
The Median Test | 224 | |
Step-by-Step Illustration: Median Test | 224 | |
Summary | 226 | |
Questions and Problems | 227 | |
Looking at the Larger Picture: Testing Differences | 234 | |
Part 4 | From Decision Making to Association | 237 |
10 | Correlation | 239 |
Strength of Correlation | 239 | |
Direction of Correlation | 240 | |
Curvilinear Correlation | 241 | |
The Correlation Coefficient | 241 | |
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient | 243 | |
A Simplified Method for Testing the Significance of r | 249 | |
Step-by-Step Illustration: Pearson's Correlation Coefficient | 249 | |
Summary | 251 | |
Questions and Problems | 252 | |
11 | Regression Analysis | 258 |
The Regression Model | 259 | |
Interpreting the Regression Line | 264 | |
Regression and Pearson's Correlation | 266 | |
Step-by-Step Illustration: Regression Analysis | 267 | |
Summary | 268 | |
Questions and Problems | 269 | |
12 | Nonparametric Measures of Correlation | 275 |
Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient | 275 | |
Step-by-Step Illustration: Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient | 279 | |
Goodman's and Kruskal's Gamma | 283 | |
Step-by-Step Illustration: Goodman's and Kruskal's Gamma | 284 | |
Correlation Coefficient for Nominal Data Arranged in a 2 x 2 Table | 288 | |
Correlation Coefficients for Nominal Data in Larger than 2 x 2 Tables | 290 | |
Summary | 293 | |
Questions and Problems | 293 | |
Looking at the Larger Picture: Measuring Association | 300 | |
Part 5 | Applying Statistics | 303 |
13 | Applying Statistical Procedures to Research Problems | 305 |
Research Situations | 309 | |
Research Solutions | 321 | |
Appendixes | 329 | |
Appendix A | A Review of Some Fundamentals of Mathematics | 330 |
Working with Decimals | 330 | |
Dealing with Negative Numbers | 332 | |
The Summation Sign | 333 | |
Appendix B | Tables | 335 |
Appendix C | List of Formulas | 347 |
Answers to Selected Problems | 351 | |
Index | 357 |
Login|Complaints|Blog|Games|Digital Media|Souls|Obituary|Contact Us|FAQ
CAN'T FIND WHAT YOU'RE LOOKING FOR? CLICK HERE!!! X
You must be logged in to add to WishlistX
This item is in your Wish ListX
This item is in your CollectionElementary Statistics in Social Research: The Essentials
X
This Item is in Your InventoryElementary Statistics in Social Research: The Essentials
X
You must be logged in to review the productsX
X
X
Add Elementary Statistics in Social Research: The Essentials, This text offers an essential and accessible overview to the introduction to social statistics. Clearly written with detailed step-by-step illustrations of statistical procedures, this text provides clear and logical explanations for the rationale and use, Elementary Statistics in Social Research: The Essentials to the inventory that you are selling on WonderClubX
X
Add Elementary Statistics in Social Research: The Essentials, This text offers an essential and accessible overview to the introduction to social statistics. Clearly written with detailed step-by-step illustrations of statistical procedures, this text provides clear and logical explanations for the rationale and use, Elementary Statistics in Social Research: The Essentials to your collection on WonderClub |