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1 | The Circuitry | 1 |
2 | Electrical Activity of the Heart | 7 |
Cardiac Action Potentials Consist of Several Phases | 7 | |
Conduction in Cardiac Fibers Depends on Local Circuit Currents | 24 | |
Cardiac Excitability Depends on the Activation and Inactivation of Specific Currents | 26 | |
The Heart Generates its Own Pacemaking Activity | 28 | |
An Impulse Can Travel Around a Reentry Loop | 39 | |
Afterdepolarizations Lead to Triggered Activity | 40 | |
Electrocardiography Displays the Spread of Cardiac Excitation | 43 | |
Dysrhythmias Occur Frequently and Constitute Important Clinical Problems | 46 | |
3 | The Cardiac Pump | 55 |
The Gross and Microscopic Structures of the Heart are Uniquely Designed for Optimal Function | 55 | |
The Cardiac Chambers Consist of Two Atria, Two Ventricles, and Four Valves | 68 | |
The Sequential Contraction and Relaxation of the Atria and Ventricles Constitute the Cardiac Cycle | 74 | |
The Fick Principle is Used to Determine Cardiac Output | 78 | |
4 | Regulation of the Heartbeat | 85 |
Heart Rate is Controlled Mainly by the Autonomic Nerves | 85 | |
Myocardial Performance is Regulated by Intrinsic Mechanisms | 97 | |
Myocardial Performance is Regulated by Nervous and Humoral Factors | 104 | |
5 | Hemodynamics | 115 |
Velocity of the Bloodstream Depends on Blood Flow and Vascular Area | 115 | |
Blood Flow Depends on the Pressure Gradient | 116 | |
Relationship Between Pressure and Flow Depends on the Characteristics of the Conduits | 118 | |
Resistance to Flow | 122 | |
Flow May be Laminar or Turbulent | 125 | |
Shear Stress on the Vessel Wall | 126 | |
Rheologic Properties of Blood | 127 | |
6 | The Arterial System | 135 |
The Hydraulic Filter Converts Pulsatile Flow to Steady Flow | 135 | |
Arterial Elasticity Compensates for the Intermittent Flow Delivered by the Heart | 139 | |
The Arterial Blood Pressure is Determined by Physical and Physiological Factors | 141 | |
The Pressure Curves Change in Arteries at Different Distances from the Heart | 148 | |
Blood Pressure is Measured by a Sphygmomanometer in Human Patients | 149 | |
7 | The Microcirculation and Lymphatics | 155 |
Functional Anatomy | 155 | |
The Endothelium Plays an Active Role in Regulating the Microcirculation | 159 | |
The Endothelium Plays a Passive Role in Transcapillary Exchange | 160 | |
The Lymphatics Return the Fluid and Solutes that Escape Through the Endothelium to the Circulating Blood | 171 | |
8 | The Peripheral Circulation and Its Control | 175 |
Contraction and Relaxation of Arteriolar Vascular Smooth Muscle Regulate Peripheral Blood Flow | 177 | |
Intrinsic (Local) Control of peripheral Blood Flow | 180 | |
Extrinsic Control of Peripheral Blood Flow is Mediated Mainly by the Sympathetic Nervous System | 185 | |
Balance Between Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors in Regulation of Peripheral Blood Flow | 193 | |
9 | Control of Cardiac Output: Coupling of Heart and Blood Vessels | 199 |
The Vascular Function Curve Relates Central Venous Pressure to Cardiac Output | 200 | |
Cardiac Output and Venous Return are Closely Associated | 208 | |
The Heart and Vasculature are Coupled Functionally | 208 | |
The Right Ventricle Regulates not Only Pulmonary Blood Flow but Also Central Venous Pressure | 213 | |
Heart Rate has Ambivalent Effects on Cardiac Output | 216 | |
Ancillary Factors Affect the Venous System and Cardiac Output | 218 | |
10 | Coronary Circulation | 227 |
Functional Anatomy of Coronary Vessels | 227 | |
Coronary Blood Flow is Regulated by Physical, Neural, and Metabolic Factors | 229 | |
Cardiac Oxygen Consumption is a Function of the Work Performed by the Heart | 234 | |
Cardiac Efficiency | 235 | |
Diminished Coronary Blood Flow Impairs Cardiac Function | 235 | |
Coronary Collateral Vessels Develop in Response to Impairment of Coronary Blood Flow | 236 | |
11 | Special Circulations | 241 |
Cutaneous Circulation | 241 | |
Skeletal Muscle Circulation | 245 | |
Cerebral Circulation | 247 | |
The Pulmonary and Systemic Circulations are in Series with Each Other | 250 | |
The Renal Circulation Accounts for About 20% of the Cardiac Output | 255 | |
The Splanchnic Circulation Provides Blood Flow to the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, Spleen, and Pancreas | 260 | |
Fetal Circulation | 264 | |
12 | Interplay of Central and Peripheral Factors in the Control of the Circulation | 271 |
Exercise | 272 | |
Hemorrhage | 278 | |
App: Case Study Answers | 289 |
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Add Cardiovascular physiology, Part of Mosby's successful monograph series, CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY presents fundamental concepts clearly and concisely. Students gain a solid understanding on how the cardiovascular system functions in both health and disease. Throughout, excellent il, Cardiovascular physiology to the inventory that you are selling on WonderClubX
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Add Cardiovascular physiology, Part of Mosby's successful monograph series, CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY presents fundamental concepts clearly and concisely. Students gain a solid understanding on how the cardiovascular system functions in both health and disease. Throughout, excellent il, Cardiovascular physiology to your collection on WonderClub |