Spanish in the Americas Book

	Tables	xi
	Figures	xiii
	Maps	xv
	Tapes	xvii
Part 1	Hispanic dialects
1	What is a dialect?	1
2	A brief description of the Spanish language	12
2.1	The sounds of Spanish	12
2.2	The forms of Spanish	20
2.3	The structure of Spanish	35
2.4	The lexicon of Spanish	46
3	The contemporary languages of Spain	54
3.1	Castilian	54
3.2	Andalusian	59
3.3	Leonese	61
3.4	Aragonese	63
3.5	Portuguese and Galician	65
3.6	Catalan, Valencian, and Majorcan	68
3.7	Basque	72
Part 2	The spread of Spanish
4	The Spanish that was brought to America	77
5	Spanish as an exported language	84
6	The first Spanish-Amerindian linguistic contact: The Tainos	89
7	Spanish reaches the mainland: The Aztecs and the Mayas	96
8	The Inca empire: The Quechuas	110
9	Chile: The Mapuche heritage	124
10	Indigenismos in Argentina, a different picture: Quechua, Pampero, Querandi, and Guarani	130
11	Paraguay: The triumph of an indigenous tongue: Guarani	137
Part 3	Contemporary Spanish dialects in the Americas
12	General differences between Peninsular and Latin American Spanish	145
13	Mexico	152
14	The Andean countries	176
15	The Caribbean	203
16	Chile	221
17	The Rio Plata	242
18	Southwestern United States	276
19	A look toward the future of Spanish	298
	Appendices
1.	Dialect questionnaires	309
Questionnaire 1.	For investigation of Texas English	309
Questionnaire 2.	For investigation of El Paso Spanish	313
Questionnaire 3.	For investigation of generational differences in the speech of Ciudad Juarez	316
Questionnaire 4.	For investigation of generational and socioeconomic differences in Temuco, Chile	320
2.	Glossary of linguistic terms	324
3.	Phonetic symbols for segmentals in Latin America	328
	Consonants	328
	Vowels	329
4.	Word list for practice with Tape 1	330
5.	Tape transcriptions not included in text	336
Tape 2
Selection b.	Quechua	336
Selection c.	Guarani	336
Selection d.	Cultivated Colombian Andean	337
Selection e.	Cultivated Peruvian Andean	338
Selection f.	Cultivated Formal Cuban	338
Selection g.	Cultivated Informal Puerto Rican	340
Selection i.	Rustic Puerto Rican	340
Selection k.	Cultivated Uruguayan/Argentinian	341
Selection m.	Teenage Mexican American Spanish	343
6.	Mexican American lexical items with Spanish bases	345
7.	Mexican American lexical items with English bases	353
8.	Mexican American lexical items with Spanish and with English bases: A comparison	358
	References	360
	Index	369