Evaluating and Standardizing Therapeutic Agents, 1890-1950 Book

List of Figures vii

List of Tables ix

Acknowledgements x

Notes on Contributors xi

Introduction: Evaluating and Standardizing Therapeutic Agents, 1890-1950 Christoph Gradmann Jonathan Simon 1

1 Paul Ehrlich's Standardization of Serum: Wertbestimmung and Its Meaning for Twentieth-Century Biomedicine Cay-Rüdiger Prüll 13

2 Evaluation as a Practical Technique of Administration: The Regulation and Standardization of Diphtheria Serum Axel C. Hüntelmann 31

3 From Diphtheria to Tetanus: The Development of Evaluation Methods for Sera in Imperial Germany Anne I. Hardy 52

4 The Construction of a Culture of Standardization at the Institut Pasteur (1885-1900) Gabriel Gachelin 71

5 Quality Control and the Politics of Serum Production in France Jonathan Simon 89

6 'The Geneva serum is excellent!' Autonomy and Isolation in the Swiss Cantons During the Early Years of Diphtheria Serum: The Case of Geneva Mariama Kaba 105

7 The State, the Serum Institutes and the League of Nations Pauline M. H. Mazumdar 118

8 Questions of Quality: The Danish State Serum Institute, Thorvald Madsen and Biological Standardization Anne Hardy 139

9 'The Wright Way': The Production and Standardization of Therapeutic Vaccines in Britain, 1902-13 Michael Worboys 153

10 The Visible Industrialist: Standards and the Manufacture of Sex Hormones Jean-Paul Gaudillière 174

11 'We need for digitalis preparations what the state has established for serumtherapy . . . ' From Collecting Plants to International Standardization: The Case of Strophanthin, 1900-38 Christian Bonah 202

12 Changing Regulations and Risk Assessments: National Responses to the Introduction of Inactivated Polio Vaccine in the UK and West Germany Ulrike Lindner 229

13 Standardization Before Biomedicine: On Early Forms of Regulatory Objectivity Alberto Cambrosio 252

Index 262