Reviews for Antarctic nutrient cycles and food webs

The average rating for Antarctic nutrient cycles and food webs based on 2 reviews is 4.5 stars.

Review # 1 was written on 2018-02-27 00:00:00 Tom Audio 4.25 Stars. Plessy v Ferguson (1896) established the legal principle of US race relations: Separate but Equal. After WWII, returning black veterans and their families refused to be ignored, to be separated from the mainstream of society, and instead insisted that their children receive the same education of white citizens. At times before and after Brown v Board of Education, individual cases were tried in the US Supreme Court. Thurgood Marshall and his colleagues wanted to present a case that would more clearly addressed the national problem. The problem included different emphasizes different groups of people sought. When school boards realized that court cases concerning segregation could end segregation based on the "equal/unequal" part of "separate but equal" clause, some school districts improved the facilities and teaching staff. Whether the improvement happened to not, sometimes black communities wanted to keep their schools separate so their children would be not be different at the desegregated schools, so their children could learn and have a shared culture. Some black communities wanted desegregation so that their children possibly could have the same advantages of the white children. After WWII, education was seen as a way to improve one's path through life, so discussions about education could become heated. Important. Patterson points out that education was the topic chosen to to begin a desegregation process. It was because of the perceived value of an education that made education the topic used to end "separate but equal". Problem with Brown. Indefinite language. No set date to be desegregated. No plan of how to desegregate. Problem with Brown. No definitions or criteria for what desegregation means. Later court case established that the demographics of a school do not have to match the demographics of the community. So how is a school district to know when it is adequately desegregated? Many Ways of Desegregation Tried. Selective desegregation where a small number of black students were asked to attend the white school. Not enough black students invited, Magnet Schools attract students by having many classes on one subject, such as music or science. Testing is used to determine who enters, and testing may be biased. Busing students from their communities to other communities that have a large population of the other side of the white/black line. Interested community members are often concerned that young children bear the worst of the situation. The list continues, all with their own problems. And no one can seem to agree on how to desegregate. Brown does have a certain stipulations that sometimes get ignored. Busing or otherwise transporting groups of students as a way desegregation is prohibited. If a school district cannot determine when desegregation has been achieved, then resegregation can happen. It did in the 1990s. Desegregation is a work in progress.

Review # 2 was written on 2011-11-01 00:00:00 Tung Nguyen James Patterson adds an excellent addition to the Pivotal moments in American history series with Brown v. Board of Education. This book explores the results of Brown and how it shaped civil rights in the post Brown era. While of course focusing primarily on schools, Patterson also takes a look at how Brown emboldened groups like the NAACP, caused the rise of the more militant civil rights group by the failure to implement Brown and shows how Brown changed the views of those who went through it. The book does not just end with Brown II but goes on to look at the busing cases and the efforts of several legislatures to implement plans to uphold school desegregation. It examines the tactics of extremist white southerners to keep schools segregated and posits some interesting ideas about how Brown changed urbanization and may (at least in the south) have encouraged a second wave of white migration to the suburbs. Overall though it is a thorough analysis of the post actions that the Brown decision derived. My one complaint about this book and the reason for the four stars is that it says very little about the actual arguments of the case. While providing a background of the key players in the case there is little information about the oral and written arguments presented to the Supreme Court. That being said given that the series tries to give the most amount of information in the shortest number of pages possible I would bump it to 4.5 stars.