Active Filters: Theory and Design Book

Introduction     1
Filters and Signals     1
Basic Filter Types     2
The Mathematics of Elementary Filters     5
Butterworth Filters     7
Chebyshev Filters     9
Bessel-Thomson Filters     14
Elliptic or Cauer Filters     17
Why Active Filters?     17
Practical Applications     18
Tone Signaling     19
Biofeedback     19
Instrumentation     19
Data Acquisition Systems     19
Audio     19
Lab Signal Sources     19
The Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source (VCVS)     19
Sallen-Key Filters     21
Introduction     21
Frequency Response Normalization     21
First-Order Low-Pass Filter     22
Frequency Response     23
First-Order High-Pass Filter     25
Frequency Response     26
Second-Order Filters     28
Low-Pass Filters     31
Frequency Response     32
Design Procedure     34
High-Pass Filters     44
Higher-Order Filters     50
Wide-Band Filters     60
Wide-Band Band-Reject Filters     64
Comments on VCVS Filters     68
Low-Pass Filters     68
High-Pass Filters     69
Problems     70
MultiFeedback Filters     73
Low-Pass Filters     73
High-Pass Filters     78
Higher-Order Filters     83
Band-Pass Filters     90
Narrow-Band Band-Pass Filter     92
Design Procedure     94
Frequency Response     95
Narrow-Band Band-Pass Filter with Two Op-Amps     102
Design Procedure     105
Deliyannis's Band-Pass Filter     107
Design Procedure     111
Band-Reject Filters     114
Wide-Band Band-Reject Filters     114
Narrow-Band Band-Reject Filter     119
Design Procedure     121
MFB Narrow-Band Band-Reject Filter     123
Comments on MFB Filters     125
Low-Pass Filters     126
High-Pass Filters     127
Band-Pass Filters     127
Problems     127
Filters with Three Op-Amps     129
State-Variable Filter     129
Low-Pass Filter      130
Design Procedure     131
High-Pass Filter     137
Design Procedure     138
Narrow-Band Band-Pass Filter     149
Design Procedure     150
Biquad Filters     154
Narrow-Band Band-Pass Filter     155
Design Procedure     157
Low-Pass Filter     159
Design Procedure     161
Problems     166
Sensitivity     169
Introduction     169
Some General Properties     171
Magnitude and Phase Sensitivities     174
Root Sensitivity     176
Problems     180
Filters with GIC     183
Introduction     183
Generalized Impedance Converters     183
Low-Pass Filter Design     187
High-Pass Filter Design     191
Narrow-Band Band-Pass Filter Design     194
Narrow-Band Band-Reject Filter Design     197
Problems     200
OTA Filters     203
Introduction     203
Single OTA LP Filters with Three Passive Components     204
First-Order Low-Pass Filter     205
First-Order High-Pass Filter      206
Second-Order Low-Pass Filter     207
Second-Order LP Filter with Four Passive Components     210
Second-Order Band-Pass Filter     213
OTA-C Filter     216
Some nonIdeal Feature of the OTA     219
Problems     220
Switched Capacitor Filters     225
Introduction     225
The Switched Capacitor Resistors     225
The Switched Capacitor Integrator     226
Universal SC Filters     228
The LMF100 Universal SC Filter     228
Modes of Operation     229
Low-Pass Filter     230
High-Pass Filter     232
Narrow-Band Band-Pass Filter     235
Practical Limitations of SC Filters     240
Problems     240
Node Voltage Network Analysis     247
Filter Design Nomograph     251
First- and Second-Order Factors of Denominator Polynomial     253
Formulas of Normalized Filters     257
Element Values for Low-Pass LC Filters     261
Coefficients of Denominator Polynomial     265
Bibliography     269
Index     271