Design and Retrofit of Wastewater Treatment Plants for Biological Nutrient Removal Book

Introduction
Principles of Biological Nutrient Removal:
Biological Nitrogen Removal
Nitrification Inhibition and Toxicity
Biological Denitrification
Biological Phosphate Removal

Design of Prefermentation Processes:
Design of Systems for Optimizing SCVFA Production
Return of Organic Carbon
Monitoring of the Process
Some Practical Points about Prefermenters

Design of Activated Sludge Biological Nutrient Removal Plants:
Two-Stage Biological Phosphorus Removal Systems:
Phosphorus Limitation versus COD Limitation
Anaerobic HRT versus Anaerobic Mass Friction
Factors Affecting Phosphorus Removal
Sizing the Anaerobic Zone
Aeration Requirements
Mixing Requirements
Design Steps
Example

Design of Three-Stage, Four-Stage, and Five-Stage BNR Systems:
Waste Characteristics
Effluent Requirements
COD:P Ratio
COD:TKN Ratio
Selection of Aeration Device
Clarifier Selection
Selection of Three-, Four-, or Five-Stage Plants
Zone Sizing
Design Example
Mixing/Aeration Design
Mixed Liquor Recycle
Aeration Devices
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Control Systems
Design of Oxidation Ditch BNR Systems:
Oxidation Ditch Description
Nutrient Removal Performance
Nutrient Removal Design
Design of Sequencing Batch Reactor BNR Systems:
Nitrogen Removal Design
Nitrification Design - Designer Plant Case Histories:
Underloading and Overdesign
Excessive Aeration of the Influent Wastewater and the RAS
Poor Final Clarifier Design
Sludge Bulking
Denitrification in the Aeration Basin
Scum Growth
Oxygen Input VFA Generation and Addition
Chemical Backup

Clarifier Design:
Flux Theory and Application
Clarifier Configuration and Features
Hydraulic Configuration Design Procedures
Secondary Clarifiers
Sludge Transport/Collection Equipment
Process Control Strategies

Retrofit of Existing Plants:
Modification for Biological Phosphorus Removal
Modifications for Biological Nitrogen Removal
Retrofitting Plants for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal

General Activated Sludge Model for Biological Nitrogen and Excess Phosphorus Removal:
Matrix Format Presentation of the Activated Sludge Model
Activated Sludge Model for Organic Carbon Removal, Nitrification and Denitrification
Activated Sludge Model for Nitrification, Denitrification and Biological Excess Phosphorus Removal (NDBEPR)
Control of Bulking and Foaming Organisms:
History of the Bulking Sludge Problem
Causes of Nuisance Organism Growth - Process Alternatives
Foaming Organism Control

Sludge Handling and Processing:
Dewatering and Disposal
Impact of Solids Handling Units on BNR Performance

Pilot Plant Testing of BNR Systems:
Wastewater Characteristics
Sludge Production and Oxygen Requirements"