The African Wild Dog: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Book

	Preface
1	History and Natural History	1
1.1	Taxonomy and Phylogeny	3
1.2	Social Organization	4
1.3	Ecology	7
1.4	Conservation Issues	7
1.5	Issues Addressed by the Research and Organization of the Book	11
2	The Selous, the Study Population, and General Methods	15
2.1	The Selous Game Reserve	15
2.2	The Study Area and Population	23
2.3	General Methods	25
3	Home Ranges and Habitat Selection	36
3.1	Specific Methods	36
3.2	Description of Home Ranges	39
3.3	Exclusive Areas, Overlaps and Territorial Defense	41
3.4	Den Locations and Characteristics	50
3.5	Pack Size and Range Size	51
3.6	Habitat Selection	52
3.7	Effect of Prey Distribution on Habitat Selection and Home Range Properties	55
3.8	Comparison with Other Wild Dog Populations	59
3.9	Summary	65
4	Cooperative Hunting and the Evolution of Sociality	67
4.1	Specific Methods	69
4.2	Hunting and Foraging Success	73
4.3	Prey Selection and Hunting Success	74
4.4	Cooperative Hunting Behavior	76
4.5	Characteristics of Kill Sites	84
4.6	Quantitative Effects of Pack Size on Hunting Benefits and Costs	84
4.7	Optimal Hunting Pack Size	88
4.8	Net Rate of Food Intake vs. Efficiency	89
4.9	Effects of Group Size Unrelated to Hunting	95
4.10	Variance in Foraging Success	96
4.11	Other Wild Dog Populations	97
4.12	Communal Hunting and Group Size: Comparisons with Other Species	98
5	Prey Selection	103
5.1	Prey Availability and Encounter Rates	105
5.2	Encounters and Hunts	109
5.3	Hunts and Kills	111
5.4	Combined Effects of Encounter, Hunting, and Killing Probabilities on Prey Selection	112
5.5	Quantitative Models of Prey Selection	114
5.6	Summary	122
6	Ungulate Herd Sizes and the Risk of Predation by Wild Dogs	124
6.1	Probability of Being Encountered	126
6.2	The Probability of Being Hunted upon Encounter	130
6.3	Hunting Success	130
6.4	Kills per Encounter, Dilution of Risk, and Combined Measures of Vulnerability	133
7	Demography - Survival and Reproduction	145
7.1	Survival Rates	145
7.2	Reproduction	159
7.3	Density Dependence	173
7.4	Genetic Effective Population Size	175
7.5	Demographic Effective Population Size	176
8	Dispersal	179
8.1	Defining Dispersal in Social Carnivores	181
8.2	Number and Size of Dispersing Groups	184
8.3	Rates and Dispersal	184
8.4	Size of Dispersing Groups	184
8.5	Linear Dispersal Distance	186
8.6	The Duration and Circumstances of Floating	187
8.7	Comparison with Dispersal in Other Wild Dog Populations	190
8.8	Mortality Risk of Dispersal	191
8.9	Dispersal and Escape from Reproductive Suppression	194
8.10	Dispersal and Escape from Inbreeding	195
8.11	Integrating Forces that Drive Dispersal	200
9	Reproductive Suppression, Social Stress, and the Behavioral and Endocrine Correlates of Rank	201
9.1	Are Dominants More Aggressive?	205
9.2	Do Dominants Mate More Often or More Effectively?	207
9.3	Do Hormonal Differences Accompany Behavioral Differences?	210
9.4	Nonbreeder Lactation	214
9.5	Does Social Stress Mediate Reproductive Suppression of Subordinates?	215
9.6	How Effective Is Reproductive Suppression of Subordinates?	216
9.7	Similarities and Differences between the Sexes in the Correlates of Rank	217
9.8	Interspecific Comparisons	218
9.9	Dominance and Stress	218
9.10	Do the Correlates of Rank Relate to Dispersal and Social Organization?	222
10	Patterns of Relatedness and the Fitness Consequences of Dispersal, Philopatry, and Reproductive Suppression	223
10.1	Age-specific Relatedness of Natal and Immigrant Subordinates to Breeders	226
10.2	Inclusive Fitness of Nondispersers	231
10.3	Inclusive Fitness of Dispersers	238
10.4	Incomplete Reproductive Suppression: Breeding by Subordinates	240
11	Interspecific Competition with Larger Carnivores	245
11.1	Specific Methods	246
11.2	Carnivore Densities and Distributions in Selous	248
11.3	Correlations between Species Densities	253
11.4	Diet Overlap	257
11.5	Direct Competition at Kills	259
11.6	Interactions Away from Kills	263
11.7	Impact of Interspecific Competition	265
11.8	Adaptations to Interspecific Competition	266
12	Infectious Diseases	269
12.1	Canine Distemper Virus	271
12.2	Rabies Virus	274
12.3	Anthrax	277
12.4	Canine Parvovirus	279
12.5	Other Pathogens	281
12.6	Behavior and Epidemiology	284
12.7	Impact of Diseases on Population Dynamics and Density	286
13	Extinction Risk and Conservation	288
13.1	Analysis of Extinction Risk with Leslie Matrix Projections	290
13.2	Stochastic Individual-Based Modeling of Extinction Risk	295
13.3	Sensitivity Analysis and Results	298
13.4	Summary and Recommendations	308
	References	311
	Index	339