Fire and Vegetation Dynamics: Studies from the North American Boreal Forest Book

	Preface
	Two solitudes: Fire behavior and fire effects
	Acknowledgements
	Tree species mentioned in the text
1	Fire and the boreal forest: the process and the response	1
2	Fires and climate	3
	Fire occurrence	3
	Indian-caused fires	4
	Lightning-caused fires	6
	Airstreams and the fire season	6
	Critical synoptic weather	11
3	Forest fire behavior	22
	Mechanism of fire spread	24
	Fuel types	25
	Determining rate of spread	30
	Why are there high rates of spread in the boreal forest?	31
	Fire size and shape on tree seed dispersal distances	35
4	Fire intensity	39
	The concept	39
	Flame length and fire intensity	44
	Fire behavior and fire intensity	45
	Fire intensity and crown fires	47
	Fire intensity and tree mortality	52
	Appendix: Mechanism for scaling fire intensity to flame length	58
5	Duff consumption	61
	Duff drying processes	62
	Duff burning process	69
	Duff consumption, plant mortality and seedbed preparation	73
6	Fire history and landscape pattern	78
	Fire frequency from the stand origin map	78
	Age mosaic patterns in the stand origin map	91
	Fire frequency and population dynamics	93
7	Fire and the population dynamics of boreal trees	97
	Some population background for boreal trees	97
	Age distribution of boreal trees	101
	Delayed population recruitment	104
	Arboral succession	105
	Appendix: Age and survivorship distributions	106
8	Conclusion	108
	References	111
	Index	127