Measurement and Statistics on Science and Technology: 1920 to the Present Book

Pt. I	Constructing science and technology statistics	13
1	Eighty years of science and technology statistics	21
2	Taking demand seriously : NESTI and the role of national statisticians	47
3	Is research always systematic?	57
4	Neglected scientific activities : the (non-)measurement of related scientific activities	72
5	What's so difficult about international statistics? : UNESCO and the measurement of scientific and technological activities	90
6	The emergence of science and technology indicators : why did governments supplement statistics with indicators?	105
7	Measuring output : when economics drives science and technology measurement	120
8	The rise of innovation surveys : measuring a fuzzy concept	138
9	Metadata : how footnotes make for doubtful numbers	157
10	Tradition and innovation : the historical contingency of science and technology statistical classifications	182
Pt. II	Using science and technology statistics	197
11	The most cherished indicator : gross domestic expenditures on R&D (GERD)	201
12	Technological gaps : between quantitative evidence and qualitative arguments	218
13	Highly qualified personnel : should we really believe in shortages?	239
14	Is there basic research without statistics?	262
15	Are statistics really useful? : myths and politics of science and technology indicators	287
App. 1	Major OEEC/OECD science policy documents	324
App. 2	Early experiments in official measurement of R&D	325
App. 3	Early directories on S&T	326
App. 4	Early NSF statistical publications (1950-1960)	327
App. 5	OEEC/OECD committees	328
App. 6	DSTI seminars, workshops, and conferences on S&T statistics	329
App. 7	DSA/DSTI publications on S&T statistics	330
App. 8	Mandates of the ad hoc review group	332
App. 9	Some definitions of research	333
App. 10	Activities to be excluded from R&D	335
App. 11	OECD/ICCP publications	338
App. 12	UNESCO conferences and meetings on S&T statistics	340
App. 13	UNESCO documents on S&T statistics	341
App. 14	NSF committee's choice of indicators (1971)	343
App. 15	Coverage of activities in early R&D surveys	346
App. 16	Differences in definition and coverage according to Freeman and Young (1965)	347
App. 17	OECD standard footnotes	348
App. 18	GERD and its footnotes (millions of current $)	349
App. 19	Industries (ISIG)	350
App. 20	Fields of science (FOS)	352
App. 21	Socioeconomic objectives (SEO)	354
App. 22	Toxonomics of research	355