Airport Design and Operation, 2nd Edition Book

Preface     XV
Air Transport and Airports     1
Development of Airports     1
Standard     13
ICAO Legislation     13
National Standards and Recommended Practices     16
Airport Development Planning     16
Predicting Traffic     21
Introduction     21
Types of Forecast Needed     22
Methods of Analysis     23
Informed Judgement     23
Trend Extrapolation     24
Econometric Models     26
The Travel Decisions     28
Modal Shares     29
Discrete Choice Models     30
Revealed and Stated Preferences     31
Effects of Supply Decisions     32
Uncertainty     32
Scenario Writing     34
Historic Trends in Traffic     35
Factors Affecting the Trends     36
Economic Factors     36
Demographic Factors     36
Supply Factors     37
Economic Regulation     40
Environmental Regulation     40
Cargo     40
Conclusions     41
Airport Site Selection and Runway System Orientation     45
Selection of a Site for the Airport     45
Usability Factor     47
Low Visibility Operations     50
Control of Obstacles     58
Other Factors     65
Runways     69
Aerodrome Reference Code     69
Runway Length     73
Declared Distances     88
Runway Width     90
Runway Width Requirements     90
Runway Shoulders     91
Runway Turn Pads     92
Runway Slopes     93
Transverse Slopes     93
Longitudinal Slopes     94
Runway Strips and Other Areas     97
Runway Strips     97
Clearways     100
Runway End Safety Areas 1     101
Taxiways     107
Taxiway System Design     107
High-speed Exit Taxiways     108
Taxiway Separations     113
Taxiway Geometry     115
Aprons     119
Apron Requirements     119
Apron Sizing     121
Apron Location     122
Apron Concepts     124
Simple Concept     124
Linear Concept      124
Open Concept     125
Pier Concept     126
Satellite Concept     128
Hybrid Concept     128
Stand Types     129
Apron Capacity     135
Isolated Aircraft Parking Position     136
Pavements     137
Background     137
Pavement Types     138
Non-Reinforced Grass Strips     139
Reinforced Grass Strips     139
Reinforced Pavements with Hard Surface     140
Use of Hard Surface Pavements     140
Subgrade     141
Sub-base     142
Bearing Course     142
Flexible (Asphalt) Pavements     142
Rigid (Cement-concrete) Pavements     144
Combined Pavements     151
Block Paving     151
Pavement Strength     151
Pavements-Aircraft Loads     151
Pavement Strength Reporting     153
Overload Operations     157
Runway Surface     158
Runway Surface Quality Requirements     158
Methods of Runway Surface Unevenness Assessment by the Dual Mass Method     159
Pavement Texture     163
Runway Braking Action      166
Pavement Management System     171
Aircraft Ground Handling     173
Aircraft Handling Methods and Safety     173
Aircraft Ground Handling Activities     180
Deplaning and Boarding     180
Supplies of Power, Air-Conditioning and Compressed Air     183
Cargo and Baggage Loading     184
Push Back Operations     184
Colaborative Decison Making (CDM)     188
Visual Guidance Systems     190
Aircraft Refuelling     197
Background     197
Fuel - Requirements     199
Requirements for Fuel Quality     199
Fuel Storage     201
Fuel Distribution     204
Safety of the Refuelling Operation     208
Ecological Damage     208
Fire Safety     211
Aircraft Fuel - Future Trends     212
Cargo     213
Introduction     213
The Freight Industry's Characteristics     217
Airside Design Considerations     221
Terminal Design and Operating Considerations     223
Location     223
Design parameters     224
Mechanisation      225
Terminal functions and operations     226
Documentation     228
Utilities     230
Security     231
Cargo Terminal Layout and Sizing     232
Layout     232
Functions and facilities     233
Sizing     234
Landside Design and Operations     237
Future Trends     237
DHL Case Study     238
Passenger Terminals     241
Airport Terminal Design Principles     241
Airport Terminal Layout     246
Airport Terminal Concepts     249
Terminal Design     251
Design Methods     251
Component Design     255
The Handling Process     265
Passenger Handling     265
Baggage Handling     273
Non-Aeronautical Services     274
Passenger Transportation - People Movers     276
Security     281
Unlawful Acts and Air Transport     281
The Airport System and its Security     287
Safeguarding of Airport Security     290
Security as a Service     290
Airport Perimeter Security and Staff Identification     291
Employee Security Procedures     296
Measures in Relation to Passengers     298
Detection of Dangerous Objects     303
Summary     310
Landside Access     311
Access and the Airport System     311
Selection of the Access Modes     314
Categories of Surface Transport Users     315
Access and Terminal Operations     316
Access Modes     317
Passenger Car     317
Taxi     319
Minibus     320
Bus     321
Railway Transport     322
Unconventional Means of Transport     327
Visual Aids for Navigation     329
Markings     329
Markings Requirements     329
Marking Types     333
Signs     335
Airport Lights   Frantisek Belohradsky     336
Characteristics and Components of Airport Lighting Systems     336
Introduction     336
Light Sources     337
Lights and Fittings     338
Frangible Safety Masts     340
Requirements for Aerodrome Lights     340
Characteristics and Components of Airport Lighting Systems      343
Approach and Runway Systems     343
Non-Instrument and Instrument Runways     343
Precision Approach Runway     345
Approach Slope Indicator Systems     352
Heliport Lighting Systems     357
Lighting of Obstacles     359
Light Control     361
Remote Control Equipment     361
Single Lamp Control and Monitoring     362
Lighting Systems Construction and Operation     364
Lighting Systems Design and Installation     364
Maintenance of the Lighting Systems     365
Trends in Lighting Systems Development     368
Electrical Energy Supply     369
Background     369
Electrical Systems Reliability and Back-up     369
Supply Systems     376
Parallel System     376
Serial System     377
Serial System - the Principle     377
Serial System - Components     377
Electrical supply to Category I - III Lighting Systems     382
Radio Navigation Aids     383
Background     383
Radio Navigation Aids     384
Instrument Landing System (ILS)     384
Microwave Landing System (MLS)      389
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)     390
VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range (VOR)     391
Non-directional Radio Beacon (NDB)     393
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)     394
Transponder Landing System (TLS)     395
Radar Systems     395
Precision Approach Radar (PAR)     395
Surveillance Radar Element (SRE)     396
Surface Movement Radar (SMR)     396
Advanced Surface Movement and Guidance Control Systems (A-SMGCS)     396
Flight Inspections and Calibrations     398
Airport Winter Operation     401
Snow and Aircraft Operation     401
Snow Plan     403
Mechanical Equipment for Snow Removal and Ice Control     407
Chemicals for Runway De-icing     413
Thermal De-icing     417
Runway Surface Monitoring     419
Aircraft De-icing     420
Airport Emergency Services     427
Roles of the Rescue and Fire Fighting Service     427
Level of Protection Required     428
Response Times     428
Aerodrome Category for Rescue and Fire Fighting     431
Principal Extinguishing Agents     432
Complementary Extinguishing Agents     434
The Amounts of Extinguishing Agents     435
Rescue and Fire Fighting Vehicles     437
Airport Fire Stations     441
Emergency Training and Activity of Rescue and Fire Fighting Unit     444
Training     444
Preparation for an Emergency Situation and Rescue and Fire Fighting Intervention Control     446
Runway Foaming     449
Post Emergency Operations     451
Emergency Services and Environment Protection     454
Final Thoughts     455
Environmental Control     457
Background     457
Noise   Milan Kamenicky     460
Characteristics     460
Descriptors Used for Aircraft Noise Rating     462
Evaluation of Noise in the Vicinity of Airports     467
Land Use and Compatibility Planning     470
Aircraft Noise Measurement     473
Short Term Measurement     474
Long-term Noise Monitoring     475
Prediction of Air Transport Noise     478
Airport Noise Mitigation and Noise Abatement Procedures     483
Control of Gaseous Emissions     485
Protection of Water Sources      487
Landscaping     488
Waste Management     489
Bird Control     490
Introduction     490
Bird Strike Statistics     491
Change of the Habitat     493
Bird Scaring     495
Ornithological Protection Zones     499
Bibliography     501
Index     517