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Book Categories |
Acknowledgements | xii | |
Preface | xiii | |
Part 1 | Introduction | |
Chapter 1 | General introduction | |
1.1 | Recent name changes | 3 |
1.2 | What is 'onomastics'? | 8 |
1.2.1 | Linguistic conventions | 9 |
1.3 | What are names? | 9 |
1.4 | What different sorts of names do we have? | 10 |
1.4.1 | Literary onomastics | 10 |
1.4.2 | Anthroponyms | 10 |
1.4.3 | Ethnonyms | 12 |
1.4.4 | Toponyms | 12 |
1.4.5 | Other names | 13 |
Part 2 | Anthroponymy (Personal Names) | |
Chapter 2 | Zulu names and other forms of address | |
2.1 | The concept of the name | 17 |
2.2 | Name avoidance and alternative vocabularies | 18 |
2.3 | The igama lasekhaya: The home name | 20 |
2.4 | The igama lesilungu: The Euro-origin name | 21 |
2.5 | The isibongo: The clan name | 23 |
2.6 | The isithakazelo: The clan praise | 24 |
2.7 | Nicknames | 24 |
2.7.1 | Baby name | 25 |
2.7.2 | Peer nickname | 25 |
2.7.3 | Abbreviated forms | 25 |
2.8 | Patronyms | 27 |
2.9 | Teknonyms | 28 |
2.10 | Kinship terms | 29 |
2.10.1 | Addressing one's parents | 29 |
2.10.2 | Addressing one's children | 29 |
2.10.3 | Addressing one's siblings | 30 |
2.11 | Descriptives | 30 |
Chapter 3 | Reasons for giving names | |
3.1 | Introduction | 33 |
3.2 | Reasons for giving names in Zulu society | 34 |
3.2.1 | Names referring to the structure of the family | 35 |
3.2.2 | Names referring to the perceived role of God | 38 |
3.2.3 | Names referring to the 'state of mind' of the parents | 39 |
3.2.4 | Names referring to the circumstances of the birth | 42 |
3.2.5 | Names referring to the wider clan | 47 |
3.2.6 | Other or miscellaneous | 49 |
Chapter 4 | Nicknames and personal praises | |
4.1 | Introduction | 51 |
4.2 | The praises of young Zulu men | 54 |
4.2.1 | Courting praises | 55 |
4.2.2 | Dancing praises | 56 |
4.2.3 | Fighting praises | 56 |
4.2.4 | Descriptive praises | 58 |
4.2.5 | Football praises | 59 |
4.2.6 | Boxing praises | 59 |
4.3 | Nicknames from Molefe's collection | 60 |
4.4 | Nicknames and praise names from Doke and Vilakazi | 61 |
4.4.1 | The various names of God | 61 |
4.4.2 | Character types | 61 |
4.4.3 | Fingers | 63 |
4.4.4 | Fabulous monsters | 64 |
4.4.5 | Animals | 64 |
4.4.6 | Miscellaneous | 65 |
4.5 | Zulu names of non-Zulus, especially whites | 66 |
4.5.1 | Unidentified contemporary figures | 66 |
4.5.2 | Well-known historical personalities | 67 |
Chapter 5 | Surnames, clan names and clan praises | |
5.1 | What is a 'sur-name'? | 71 |
5.1.1 | Physical features as a basis for surnames | 71 |
5.1.2 | Place of origin | 72 |
5.1.3 | Trade or occupation | 72 |
5.1.4 | Patronymics | 73 |
5.2 | The meanings of some Zulu clan names | 74 |
5.2.1 | Reasonably certain meanings | 74 |
5.2.2 | Guessed meanings | 75 |
5.2.3 | Obscure clan names | 76 |
5.3 | Relationship between etymologies of Euro-Western and Zulu surnames/clan names | 76 |
5.3.1 | Scottish and Zulu clans | 76 |
5.4 | Izithakazelo: Clan praises | 81 |
5.4.1 | The structure of clan praises | 81 |
5.4.2 | The use of clan praises | 82 |
5.4.3 | The relationship between clan names and clan praises | 85 |
Chapter 6 | Regimental names | |
6.1 | Introduction | 87 |
6.2 | Variations of names within the regimental system | 88 |
6.2.1 | Confusion of regiment name with name of military establishment | 90 |
6.2.2 | Hierarchy of Zulu military structures | 91 |
6.2.3 | Inherited regiments | 94 |
6.2.4 | Nicknames and praise names | 95 |
6.3 | Underlying meanings of Zulu regiment names | 97 |
6.3.1 | Behaviour or character of the regiment | 98 |
6.3.2 | The regiment and the natural environment | 101 |
6.3.3 | Miscellaneous | 103 |
Part 3 | Toponymy (Place Names) | |
Chapter 7 | Zulu place names: General introduction and standardisation of spelling | |
7.1 | Introduction | 109 |
7.2 | Orthography | 110 |
7.2.1 | Changes in orthography | 113 |
7.2.2 | The mishearing or misrendering of original names | 113 |
7.2.3 | Inconsistency in noun-prefix usage | 114 |
7.2.4 | Inconsistency in the use of locative forms | 114 |
7.2.5 | Differences in compounding patterns in Zulu | 116 |
7.3 | Recommendations | 117 |
7.3.1 | Locative or non-locative forms | 118 |
7.3.2 | Where to put the capital letter? | 120 |
Chapter 8 | The semantics of Zulu place names | |
8.1 | Introduction | 123 |
8.2 | Places named after physical features | 124 |
8.2.1 | Geographical location | 124 |
8.2.2 | Soils and stones | 124 |
8.2.3 | Shape and size | 125 |
8.2.4 | Behaviour of rivers | 125 |
8.2.5 | Colour | 126 |
8.2.6 | Metaphorical descriptions | 127 |
8.2.7 | Miscellaneous descriptions | 127 |
8.3 | Places named after characteristic plant and animal life | 127 |
8.3.1 | Plants as a basis of place names | 128 |
8.3.2 | Animals as a basis of place names | 129 |
8.3.3 | Birds as a basis of place names | 130 |
8.4 | Places named after historical incidents or cultural practices | 131 |
8.5 | Places named after people: Especially kwa- names | 132 |
Chapter 9 | Zulu place names: Historico-cultural background | |
9.1 | Introduction | 135 |
9.1.1 | Sources | 136 |
9.2 | A toponymical bus tour | 137 |
9.2.1 | uMsunduzi | 137 |
9.2.2 | eMkhambathini | 140 |
9.2.3 | eNtshongweni | 141 |
9.2.4 | iSiphingo | 142 |
9.2.5 | eZimbokodweni ('Umbogintwini') | 143 |
9.2.6 | aManzimtoti | 144 |
9.2.7 | uMzimkhulu | 145 |
9.2.8 | uMngeni | 146 |
9.2.9 | uThongathi | 147 |
9.2.10 | iNtunjambili | 149 |
9.2.11 | eMpangeni | 150 |
9.2.12 | uMfolozi | 151 |
9.2.13 | iSandlwana | 152 |
9.2.14 | uKhahlamba | 154 |
9.3 | Conclusion | 155 |
Chapter 10 | eThekwini and uMgungundlovu: The Zulu names of Durban and Pietermaritzburg | |
10.1 | Introduction | 157 |
10.2 | eThekwini: Durban | 157 |
10.3 | uMgungundlovu | 163 |
10.3.1 | Spellings of 'uMgungundlovu' | 163 |
10.3.2 | Meanings of 'uMgungundlovu' | 166 |
Chapter 11 | Names of schools | |
11.1 | Introduction | 173 |
11.1.1 | Sources | 173 |
11.2 | School names based on other names | 174 |
11.3 | Descriptive names | 176 |
11.4 | School names with a moral message | 177 |
11.4.1 | Unity in education | 177 |
11.4.2 | Light as a symbol of education | 179 |
11.4.3 | Other symbols of education | 179 |
11.4.4 | Positive injunctions | 180 |
Chapter 12 | Names of homesteads | |
12.1 | Introduction | 183 |
12.2 | The naming of the homestead | 183 |
12.3 | Function of homestead names | 185 |
12.4 | Semantic categories of Zulu homestead names | 186 |
12.4.1 | Names that refer to the homestead itself | 188 |
12.4.2 | Names that convey a social message | 189 |
Chapter 13 | Shop names | |
13.1 | Introduction | 197 |
13.2 | Functions of shop names | 198 |
13.2.1 | Positive images and values | 198 |
13.2.2 | Eponyms | 200 |
13.2.3 | Promises | 201 |
13.2.4 | Community spirit | 203 |
13.2.5 | Exhortations | 204 |
13.2.6 | Miscellaneous | 204 |
13.2.7 | Queries | 206 |
Part 4 | Miscellaneous names | |
Chapter 14 | Names of domestic animals | |
14.1 | Introduction | 211 |
14.2 | Names from the Euro-Western naming tradition | 212 |
14.2.1 | Oxen | 212 |
14.2.2 | Cows | 216 |
14.2.3 | Donkeys | 217 |
14.2.4 | Dogs | 217 |
14.2.5 | Cats | 217 |
14.3 | Names referring to the characteristics of the animal | 219 |
14.4 | Animal names used as social comment | 220 |
14.5 | Names, nicknames, praise names and praises | 223 |
14.5.1 | Praises of a bull | 226 |
14.6 | Conclusion | 227 |
Chapter 15 | Generic names of birds | |
15.1 | Introduction | 233 |
15.2 | Bird names and bird species in Zulu | 233 |
15.3 | Structure of bird names | 237 |
15.3.1 | Simple-stemmed names | 237 |
15.3.2 | Complex-stemmed names | 238 |
15.3.3 | Compound-stemmed names | 238 |
15.4 | Relationship between structure and meaning | 238 |
15.5 | Underlying meanings of complex- and compound-stemmed names | 240 |
15.5.1 | Appearance: Size, shape, colour, plumage, etc. | 241 |
15.5.2 | Song | 243 |
15.5.3 | Habits | 245 |
15.5.4 | Habitat | 246 |
15.5.5 | Miscellaneous | 247 |
Chapter 16 | Names of months and days | |
16.1 | Introduction | 249 |
16.2 | The names of the Zulu lunar months | 250 |
16.2.1 | The first month: uNcwaba | 251 |
16.2.2 | The second month: uMandulo | 251 |
16.2.3 | The third month: uMfumfu | 251 |
16.2.4 | The fourth month: uLwezi | 252 |
16.2.5 | The fifth month: uZibandlela | 252 |
16.2.6 | The sixth month: uMasingana | 253 |
16.2.7 | The seventh month: uNhlolanja | 253 |
16.2.8 | The eighth month: uNdasa | 254 |
16.2.9 | The ninth month: uMbasa (uMbaso) | 254 |
16.2.10 | The tenth month: uNgulazibuya | 255 |
16.2.11 | The eleventh month: uNhlaba | 255 |
16.2.12 | The twelfth month: uNhlangula or uNhlangulana | 255 |
16.2.13 | The thirteenth month: uNtulikazi | 256 |
16.2.14 | Other months | 256 |
16.2.15 | Mkhuze variations | 257 |
16.3 | Days of the week | 260 |
16.4 | Times of day | 261 |
16.5 | Stars and planets | 262 |
Part 5 | Linguistics | |
Chapter 17 | Linguistic structures | |
17.1 | Introduction | 267 |
17.2 | Anthroponyms and non-anthroponymic Zulu names | 268 |
17.2.1 | Anthroponyms | 268 |
17.2.2 | Non-anthroponymic Zulu names | 269 |
17.2.3 | Simple, complex and compound stems; phrasal names | 269 |
17.3 | The structure of Zulu personal names (amagama asekhaya) | 270 |
17.3.1 | Names derived from other nouns | 270 |
17.3.2 | The use of -so-, -no-, -ma- and -se | 271 |
17.3.3 | Names derived from verbs | 273 |
17.3.4 | Names derived from other parts of speech | 276 |
17.4 | Difference between male and female names | 276 |
17.4.1 | Semantic marking | 278 |
17.4.2 | Morphological marking | 279 |
17.4.3 | Double marking | 282 |
17.4.4 | Contradictory marking | 283 |
17.4.5 | Unmarked names | 283 |
17.5 | Clan names (izibongo) | 284 |
17.6 | Compounds | 286 |
17.6.1 | Vowel deletion | 288 |
Chapter 18 | Onomastic shift | |
18.1 | Introduction | 297 |
18.1.1 | A name may become another type of name | 297 |
18.1.2 | A name may become a 'non-name' | 297 |
18.1.3 | A 'non-name' (common noun) may become a name | 298 |
18.2 | Names becoming other names | 298 |
18.2.1 | Anthroponyms become eponymous shop names | 298 |
18.2.2 | Toponyms become school names | 299 |
18.2.3 | River names become regimental names | 299 |
18.2.4
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