DMO Processing, Vol. 16 Book

Part 1	Theory and Background
	Preface	1
Chapter 1	Introductory concepts and definitions
	Editors' introduction	2
	Shear waves--what they are and how they can be used	5
	Evaluation of anisotropy by shear-wave splitting	23
	Weak elastic anisotropy	34
	Velocity anisotropy terminology for geophysicists	47
Chapter 2	Replacement media
	Editors' introduction	66
	Long-wave elastic anisotropy produced by horizontal layering	70
	Anisotropic effective-medium modeling of the elastic properties of shales	84
	Wavespeeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks	98
	Seismic anisotropy of fractured rock	116
Chapter 3	Laboratory
	Editors' introduction	124
	Stress-induced velocity anisotropy in rocks: An experimental study	126
	P- and S-wave anisotropy of a synthetic sandstone with controlled crack geometry	134
	Velocity anisotropy in shales: A petrophysical study	152
	Shear-wave velocity anisotropy in sedimentary rocks: A laboratory study	165
Chapter 4	Velocity analysis and imaging
	Editors' introduction	172
	Seismic migration in elliptically anisotropic media	175
	Anisotropic velocity analysis for lithology discrimination	193
	Migration error in transversely isotropic media	204
	Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout in anisotropic media	218
Chapter 5	Fracture-related reflectivity
	Editors' introduction	233
	Reflection seismology over azimuthally anisotropic media	236
	Reflection/transmission coefficients and azimuthal anisotropy in marine seismic studies	246
	Viability of shear-wave amplitude versus offset studies in anisotropic media	258
	Effects of vertically aligned subsurface fractures on seismic reflections: A physical model study	269
	Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media	277
	Mixed mode AVO response in fractured media	290
Chapter 6	Multicomponent VSP processing
	Editors' introduction	294
	Processing of a nine-component near-offset VSP for seismic anisotropy	297
	Shear-wave polarizations and subsurface stress directions at Lost Hills field	311
	Detection and measure of the shear-wave birefringence from vertical seismic data: Theory and applications	329
	Interpreting data matrix asymmetry in near-offset, shear-wave VSP	348
Chapter 7	Multicomponent surface seismic processing
	Editors' introduction	364
	Laboratory observations of shear-wave propagation in anisotropic media	366
	Shear data in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy: Dilly, Texas	372
	Effects of the free surface on shear wavetrains	375
	Reflection shear-wave data collected near the principal axes of azimuthal anisotropy	383
	Fractured reservoir delineation using multicomponent seismic data	393
Part 2	Field Studies
	Preface	419
Chapter 8	Near-surface properties
	Editors' introduction	420
	Velocity and attenuation anisotropy caused by microcracks and macrofractures in a multiazimuth reverse VSP	421
	Anisotropic velocity tomography: A case study in a near-surface rock mass	433
	Velocity anisotropy in shale determined from crosshole seismic and vertical seismic profile data	449
	In-situ measurement of transverse isotropy in shallow water marine sediments	459
	Field measurements of azimuthal anisotropy: first 60 meters, San Francisco Bay area, CA, and estimation of the horizontal stresses ratio from V[subscript S1]/V[subscript S2]	473
	Anisotropy detected in shallow clays using shear-wave splitting in a VSP survey	484
Chapter 9	Subsurface properties
	Editors' introduction	500
	An integrated study of seismic anisotropy and the natural fracture system at the Conoco borehole test facility, Kay County, Oklahoma	503
	Changes in shear-wave polarization azimuth with depth in Cymric and Railroad Gap oil fields	522
	An in situ estimation of anisotropic elastic moduli for a submarine shale	538
	Velocity anisotropy of shales and depth estimation in the North Sea basin	543
	Anisotropy effects in P-wave and SH-wave stacking velocities contain information on lithology	552
Chapter 10	Multicomponent surface seismic
	Editors' introduction	564
	Prediction of lateral variability in fracture intensity using multicomponent shear-wave surface seismic as a precursor to horizontal drilling in the Austin Chalk	565
	Three-dimensional multicomponent imaging of reservoir heterogeneity, Silo field, Wyoming	572
	Multicomponent 3-D characterization of a coalbed methane reservoir	581
	The 3-D shear experiment over the Natih field in Oman: Reservoir geology, data acquisition, and anisotropy analysis	597
Chapter 11	Imaging case studies
	Editors' introduction	623
	Where are the fault plane reflections?	625
	Velocity analysis and imaging in transversely isotropic media: Methodology and a case study	629
	Estimation of anisotropy and anisotropic 3-D prestack depth migration, offshore Zaire	637
Chapter 12	P-wave sourced seismic surveys
	Editors' introduction	656
	Mapping distribution of fractures in a reservoir with P-S converted waves	658
	Use of anisotropy in P-wave and S-wave data for fracture characterization in a naturally fractured gas reservoir	669
	Azimuthal anisotropy in P-wave 3-D (multiazimuth) data	676
	Computation of the principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy from P-wave seismic data	682
	Fracture-related amplitude variations with offset and azimuth in marine seismic data	686
Chapter 13	The Road Ahead
	Editors' introduction	700
	Case studies of the dipole shear anisotropy log	703
	Applied production geophysics using shear-wave anisotropy: Production applications for the dipole shear imager and the multicomponent VSP	707
	Quantitative comparison between a dipole log and VSP in anisotropic rocks from Cymric Oil field, California	710
	Sumic: Multicomponent seabottom seismic surveying in the North Sea--data interpretation and applications	714
	An onshore time-lapse (4-D), multicomponent, data processing case history, Vacuum Field, New Mexico	718
	4-C/4-D at Teal South	722