Essential Reading Skills Book

Preface     xiii
Reading Actively     1
Starting with a Positive Attitude     1
Improve Your Surroundings     2
Pay Attention     2
Previewing Before You Read     4
How to Preview     4
Demonstration of Previewing     5
Guide Questions     8
Putting Your Positive Attitude to Work     10
The Textbook Challenge     10
What Have You Learned?     10
What Vocabulary Have You Learned?     11
Active Test-Taking     11
Reading Selection: "To Love and to Cherish" by Michelle Kearns (Mastery Test 1-3)     25
Using Your Dictionary     35
Buying a Dictionary     35
Using a Dictionary     35
Abbreviations     37
Word Pronunciation     38
Etymology     39
Restrictive Meanings     40
Multiple Meanings     41
Spelling     43
Usage Notes     45
Idioms     46
Other Aids     46
Pronouncing Unfamiliar Words     47
Using Word Mapping to Expand Your Vocabulary     48
The Textbook Challenge     50
What Have You Learned?     51
What Vocabulary Have You Learned?     51
Taking Vocabulary Tests     52
Reading Selection: "We Don't Have AIDS, but We Suffer, Too" by Kerrel McKay (Mastery Test 2-3)     63
Building Vocabulary: Using Context Clues     71
What Is Context?     71
Types of Context Clues     72
Definition Clues     72
Synonym Clues     74
Example Clues     76
Contrast Clues     78
Inference Clues     80
Using All of the Context Clues     83
The Textbook Challenge     83
What Have You Learned?     84
Answering Vocabulary Questions     84
Reading Selection: "Online Dating Sites Aren't Holding People's Hearts" by Randy Dotinga (Mastery Test 3-3)     93
Building Vocabulary: Using Word Parts     103
What Are Word Parts?     103
Prefixes     104
Roots     108
Suffixes     110
Using Word Parts     114
The Textbook Challenge     115
What Have You Learned?     115
Using Word Parts     116
Reading Selection: "Saved by the Kindness of a Virtual Stranger" by Mark Zelermyer (Mastery Test 4-3)     124
Locating Main ideas     133
What Is a Main Idea?     133
Understanding General Versus Specific Ideas     134
Identifying the Topic     136
Finding the Main Idea     139
Tips for Finding the Main Idea     140
Tips for Locating the Topic Sentence     140
Learning More About Paragraphs     144
The Textbook Challenge     144
What Have You Learned?     145
What Vocabulary Have You Learned?     145
Questions on the Topic and Main Idea     146
Reading Selection: "Don't Ask" by Deborah Tannen (Mastery Test 5-3)     156
Identifying Supporting Details and Transitions     167
What Are Supporting Details?     167
What Are Transitions?     173
Putting It All Together     177
The Textbook Challenge     178
What Have You Learned?     178
What Vocabulary Have You Learned?     179
Answering Detail Questions     179
Reading Selection: "Why Go Veg?" by Barbara Tunick (Mastery Test 6-3)     188
Understanding Implied Main Ideas     199
What Does Implied Mean?     199
Remembering the Difference Between General and Specific Ideas     201
How to Find Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs     205
Working with Paragraphs     208
The Textbook Challenge     209
What Have You Learned?     209
What Vocabulary Have You Learned?     210
Answering Questions About Implied Main Ideas     210
Reading Selection: "Primary Colors" by Kim McLarin (Mastery Test 7-3)     224
Keeping Track of Information     235
Why Keep Track of Information?     235
Highlighting and Marking     235
Outlining     239
Mapping     242
Summarizing     246
Good Reasons to Keep Track of Information     249
The Textbook Challenge     250
What Have You Learned?     250
What Vocabulary Have You Learned?     251
Using Highlighting and Summarizing     251
Reading Selection: "Body Piercing and Tattooing" by Rebecca Donatelle (Mastery Test 8-3)     264
Recognizing the Basic Patterns of Organization     273
What Are Patterns of Organization?     273
Example     274
Definition     277
Combining Definition and Example     279
Chronological Order and Process      281
Listing     285
Combining Patterns of Organization     288
The Textbook Challenge     288
What Have You Learned?     289
What Vocabulary Have You Learned?     289
Answering Questions About Patterns     290
Reading Selection: "Right Place, Wrong Face" by Alton Fitzgerald White (Mastery Test 9-3)     302
Recognizing Comparison/Contrast and Cause/Effect Patterns     311
Comparison/Contrast Patterns     311
Comparison     313
Contrast     314
Using Both Comparison and Contrast     316
Cause/Effect Patterns     318
Moving Beyond Patterns     321
The Textbook Challenge     321
What Have You Learned?     322
What Vocabulary Have You Learned?     322
Answering Questions About Comparison/Contrast and Cause/Effect     323
Reading Selection: "When Mommy Goes Off to Fight a War" by Peter Madsen (Mastery Test 10-3)     337
Reading and Thinking Critically     347
What Is Inference?     347
How to Make Inferences     348
Understanding a Writer's Purpose     353
Style     353
Intended Audience      354
Language: Denotation and Connotation     356
Identifying Tone     358
Distinguishing Fact and Opinion     362
Facts     362
Opinions     362
Judgment Words     363
Understanding More of What You Read     364
The Textbook Challenge     365
What Have You Learned?     365
What Vocabulary Have You Learned?     365
Critical Reading Questions     366
Reading Selection: "The Beautiful Laughing Sisters" by Mary Pipher (Mastery Test 11-3)     380
Student Resource Guide A Introduction to College Textbook Reading     393
The Features of Your Textbooks     393
Assessing Textbook Learning Aids     393
Examining the Preface or "To the Student"     394
Examining the Table of Contents     395
The SQ3R Reading/Study System     395
Steps in the SQ3R System     395
Why SQ3R Works     396
Learning Strategies     397
Use Immediate Review     397
Use Periodic Review     397
Use Mnemonic Devices     397
Use Numerous Sensory Channels to Store Information     398
Organize Information     398
Connect New Learning with Previous Learning     398
Use Visualization     398
Develop Retrieval Clues     399
Test Yourself     399
Overlearn     399
Political Science/History     400
Health     403
Communication     407
Student Resource Guide B A Guide for ESL (ELL) Readers     409
Tips for ESL Readers     409
Use a Two-Way Dictionary     409
Always Keep an English Dictionary Handy     409
Practice, Practice, Practice     410
Vocabulary Is the Key to Success     410
Take Notes in English     410
Use Context     410
Sentence Basics     410
Finding the Subject and Predicate     411
Understanding Sentences with Two Main Points     413
Understanding Sentences with One Main Point and One Related Idea     414
Understanding How Modifiers Change Meaning     416
Expressing the Ideas in Your Own Words     417
Pay Attention to Word Order     419
Sentence Order     419
Adverbs     419
Adjectives     420
Learn Idioms     420
Glossary of Frequently Confused Words and Phrases     421
Multicultural Reader     429
The Most Hateful Words   Amy Tan     430
Seoul Searching   Kick Reilly     437
Coming Into My Own   Ben Carson, M.D.     447
Living Life to the Fullest   Maya Angelou     455
American Indian Mascots Should Go   Rich Heffern     462
Hispanic USA: The Conveyor-Belt Ladies   Rose del Castillo Guilbault     470
I Have Had to Learn to Live with Peace   Alephonsion Deng     479
Recording and Evaluating Progress     487
Online Chapter Student Resource Guide Test-Taking Strategies: A Review
Starting with an Advantage
Bring the Necessary Materials
Time Your Arrival Carefully
Sit in the Front of the Room
Listen Carefully to Your Instructor's Directions
Preview the Exam
Plan Your Time
Avoid Reading Too Much into Questions
General Suggestions for Objective Exams
Techniques for Taking Multiple-Choice Tests
Achieving Success with Standardized Tests
Preparing for the Test
Taking the Test
Credits     489
Index     492