Literature and the Writing Process, Backpack Edition Book

LITERATURE AND THE WRITING PROCESS, BACKPACK EDITION, 1/E

CONTENTS

Preface

PART ONE Composing: An Overview

Chapter 1 The Prewriting Process

Reading for Writing

James Joyce, “Eveline”

Who Are My Readers?

Why Am I Writing?

What Ideas Should I Use?

Discovering and Developing Ideas

What Point Should I Make?

How Do I Find the Theme?

Chapter 2 The Writing Process

How Should I Organize My Ideas?

Arguing Your Interpretation

Developing with Details

Maintaining a Critical Focus

How Should I Begin?

How Should I End?

Composing the First Draft

Quoting from Your Sources

Sample Student Paper: First Draft

Chapter 3 Writing a Convincing Argument

Interpreting and Arguing

Organizing Your Argument

Sample Student Essay

Dagoberto Gilb, “Love in L.A.”

Chapter 4 The Rewriting Process

What Is Revision?

Getting Feedback: Peer Review

What Should I Add or Take Out?

What Should I Rearrange?

Does It Flow?

What Is Editing?

What Sentences Should I Combine?

Rearranging for Emphasis and Variety

Which Words Should I Change?

What Is Proofreading?

Sample Student Paper: Final Draft

Chapter 5 Researched Writing

Using Library Source in Your Writing

Conducting Your Research

Working with Sources

Writing a First Draft

Rewriting and Editing

Sample Documented Student Paper

Explanation of the MLA Documentation Style

PART TWO Writing About Short Fiction

Chapter 6 How Do I Read Short Fiction?

Notice the Structure

Consider Point of View and Setting

Study the Characters

Look for Specialized Literary Techniques

Examine the Title

Investigate the Author’s Life and Times

Continue Questioning to Discover Theme

Chart 6-1 Critical Questions for Reading the Short Story

Chapter 7 Writing About Structure

What Is Structure?

How Do I Discover Structure?

Looking at Structure

Tim O’Brien, “The Things They Carried”

Prewriting

Finding Patterns

Writing

Grouping Details

Relating Details to Theme

Ideas for Writing

Ideas for Responsive Writing

Ideas for Critical Writing

Ideas for Researched Writing

Rewriting

Integrating Quotations Gracefully

Exercise on Integrating Quotations

Chapter 8 Writing About Imagery and Symbolism

What Are Images?

What Are Symbols?

Archetypal Symbols

Phallic and Yonic Symbols

How Will I Recognize Symbols?

Reference Works on Symbols

Looking at Images and Symbols

Shirley Jackson, “The Lottery”

Prewriting

Interpreting Symbols

Writing

Producing a Workable Thesis

Exercise on Thesis Statements

Ideas for Writing

Ideas for Responsive Writing

Ideas for Critical Writing

Ideas for Researched Writing

Rewriting

Sharpening the Introduction

Sample Student Paper on Symbolism: Second and Final Drafts

Chapter 9 Writing About Point of View

What Is Point of View?

Describing Point of View

Looking at Point of View

Alice Walker, “Everyday Use”

Prewriting

Analyzing Point of View

Writing

Relating Point of View to Theme

Ideas for Writing

Ideas for Responsive Writing

Ideas for Critical Writing

Ideas for Researched Writing

Rewriting

Sharpening the Conclusion

Chapter 10 Writing About Setting and Atmosphere

What Are Setting and Atmosphere?

Looking at Setting and Atmosphere

Tobias Wolff, “Hunters in the Snow”

Prewriting

Prewriting Exercise

Writing

Discovering an Organization

Ideas for Writing

Ideas for Responsive Writing

Ideas for Critical Writing

Ideas for Researched Writing

Rewriting: Organization and Style

Checking Your Organization

Improving the Style: Balanced Sentences

Sentence Modeling Exercise

Chapter 11 Writing About Theme

What Is Theme?

Looking at Theme

Flannery O'Connor, “Good Country People”

Prewriting

Figuring Out Theme

Stating the Theme

Writing

Choosing Supporting Details

Ideas for Writing

Ideas for Responsive Writing

Ideas for Critical Writing

Ideas for Researched Writing

Rewriting

Achieving Coherence

Checking for Coherence

Editing: Improving Connections

Repeat Words and Synonyms

Try Parallel Structure

Anthology of Short Fiction

Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)

“The Birthmark”

Kate Chopin (1851-1904)

“The Story of an Hour”

Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941)

“Hands”

D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930)

“The Rocking-Horse Winner”

William Faulkner (1897-1962)

“A Rose for Emily”

Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)

“Hills Like White Elephants”

John Steinbeck (1902-1968)

“The Chrysanthemums”

Richard Wright (1908-1960)

“The Man Who Was Almost a Man”

Eudora Welty (1909-2001)

“Why I Live at the P. O.”

Tillie Olsen (1913-2007)

“I Stand Here Ironing”

Hisaye Yamamoto (1921- )

“Seventeen Syllables”

John Updike (1932-2009)

“A & P”

Joyce Carol Oates (1928- )

“Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?”

Raymond Carver (1938-1988)

“What We Talk about When We Talk about Love”

Toni Cade Bambara (1939-1995)

“The Lesson”

Bharati Mukherjee (1940- )

“A Father”

Louise Erdrich (1954- )

“The Red Convertible “

PART THREE Writing About Poetry

Chapter 12 How Do I Read Poetry?

Get the Literal Meaning First: Paraphrase

Make Associations for Meaning

Chart 12-1 Critical Questions for Reading Poetry

Chapter 13 Writing About Persona and Tone

Who Is Speaking?

What Is Tone?

Recognizing Verbal Irony

Describing Tone

Looking at Persona and Tone

Theodore Roethke, “My Papa’s Waltz”

Thomas Hardy, “The Ruined Maid”

W. H. Auden, “The Unknown Citizen”

Edmund Waller, “Go, Lovely Rose”

Dorothy Parker, “One Perfect Rose”

Prewriting

Asking Questions About the Speaker in “My Papa's Waltz”

Devising a Thesis

Describing the Tone in “The Ruined Maid”

Discovering a Thesis

Describing the Tone in “The Unknown Citizen”

Discovering a Thesis

Discovering Tone in “Go, Lovely Rose”

Discovering Tone in “One Perfect Rose”

Writing

Explicating and Analyzing

Ideas for Writing

Ideas for Responsive Writing

Ideas for Critical Writing

Ideas for Researched Writing

Editing

Quoting Poetry in Essays

Sample Student Response on Persona and Tone

Analyzing the Student Response

Chapter 14 Writing About Poetic Language

What Do the Words Suggest?

Connotation and Denotation

Figures of Speech

Metaphor and Simile

Personification

Imagery

Symbol

Paradox

Oxymoron

Looking at Poetic Language

Walt Whitman, “A Noiseless Patient Spider”

William Shakespeare, “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?”

Kay Ryan, “Turtle”

Hayden Carruth, “In the Long Hall”

Donald Hall, “My Son My Executioner”

Prewriting

Examining Poetic Language

Writing

Comparing and Contrasting

Ideas for Writing

Ideas for Responsive Writing

Ideas for Critical Writing

Ideas for Researched Writing

Rewriting: Style

Choosing Vivid, Descriptive Terms

Finding Lively Words

Exercise on Diction

Sample Student Paper on Poetic Language: Second and Final Drafts

Comparison Exercise

Chapter 15 Writing About Poetic Form

What Are the Forms of Poetry?

Rhythm and Rhyme

Chart 15-1 Rhythm and Meter in Poetry

Alliteration, Assonance, and Consonance

Exercise on Poetic Form

Stanzas: Closed and Open Form

Poetic Syntax

Visual Poetry

Looking at the Forms of Poetry

Gwendolyn Brooks, “We Real Cool”

A. E. Housman, “Eight O’Clock”

E. E. Cummings, “anyone lived in a pretty how town”

Wole Soyinka, “Telephone Conversation”

Robert Frost, “The Silken Tent”

Billy Collins, “Sonnet”

Roger McGough, “40——-Love”

Prewriting

Experimenting with Poetic Forms

Writing

Relating Form to Meaning

Ideas for Writing

Ideas for Expressive Writing

Ideas for Critical Writing

Ideas for Researched Writing

Rewriting: Style

Finding the Exact Word

Exercises on Diction

Sample Student Paper on Poetic Form

Anthology of Poetry

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

“That Time of Year Thou Mayst in Me Behold”

John Donne (1572-1631)

“A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”

Andrew Marvell (1621-1678)

“To His Coy Mistress”

John Keats (1795-1821)

“Ode on a Grecian Urn”

Walt Whitman (1819-1892)

“Song of Myself” (Section 11)

Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)

“Dover Beach”

Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)

“Because I Could Not Stop for Death”

“Wild Nights–Wild Nights!”

A. E. Housman (1859-1936)

“To an Athlete Dying Young”

William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)

“Sailing to Byzantium”

Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935)

“Richard Cory”

Robert Frost (1874-1963)

“Design”

D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930)

“Piano”

T. S. Eliot (1888-1965)

“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”

Claude McKay (1890-1948)

“America”

Jean Toomer (1894-1967)

“Reapers”

Langston Hughes (1902-1967)

“Harlem (A Dream Deferred)”

“Theme for English B”

Stevie Smith (1902-1971)

“Not Waving but Drowning”

Countee Cullen (1903-1946)

“Incident”

Theodore Roethke (1908-1963)

“I Knew a Woman”

Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979)

“One Art”

May Sarton (1912-1995)

“AIDS”

Octavio Paz (1914-1998)

“The Street”

Dudley Randall (1914-2000)

“Ballad of Birmingham”

Dylan Thomas (1914-1953)

“Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night”

Gwendolyn Brooks (1917- 2000)

“The Bean Eaters”

Anne Sexton (1928-1974)

“You All Know the Story of the Other Woman”

Adrienne Rich (1929- )

“Aunt Jennifer's Tigers”

Sylvia Plath (1932-1963)

“Mirror”

John Updike (1932-2009)

“Ex-Basketball Player”

Marge Piercy (1936- )

“Barbie Doll”

Lucille Clifton (1936- )

“homage to my hips”

Seamus Heaney (1939- )

“Digging”

Billy Collins (1941- )

“Introduction to Poetry”

Susan Ludvigson (1942- )

“Inventing My Parents”

Sharon Olds (1942- )

“Sex Without Love”

Gina Valdes (1943- )

“My Mother Sews Blouses”

Rita Dove (1952- )

“Daystar”

Alberto Ríos (1952- )

“In Second Grade Miss Lee I Promised Never to Forget You and I Never Did”

Jimmy Santiago Baca (1952- )

“There Are Black”

Judith Ortiz Cofer (1952- )

“Latin Women Pray”

Dorianne Laux (1952- )

“What I Wouldn’t Do”

Martín Espada (1957- )

“Bully”

Paired Poems for Comparison

Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)

“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”

Sir Walter Raleigh (1552?-1618)

“The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd”

Robert Browning (1812-1889)

“My Last Duchess”

Gabriel Spera (1966- )

“My Ex-Husband”

Robert Hayden (1913-1980)

“Those Winter Sundays”

George Bilgere (1951- )

“Like Riding a Bicycle”

A Portfolio of War Poetry

Richard Lovelace (1618-1657)

“To Lucasta, on Going to the Wars”

Stephen Crane (1871-1900)

“War Is Kind”

Wilfred Owen (1893-1918)

“Dulce et Decorum Est”

E. E. Cummings (1894-1962)

“next to of course god america i"

Peg Lauber (1938- )

“Six National Guardsmen Blown Up Together”

Yusef Komunyakaa (1947- )

“Facing It”

Dwight Okita (1958- )

“In Response to Executive Order 9066”

PART FOUR Writing About Drama

Chapter 16 How Do I Read a Play?

Listen to the Lines

Visualize the Scene

Envision the Action