Unifying Scientific Theories: Physical Concepts and Mathematical Structures Book

	Acknowledgements
	Introduction	1
1	The Many Faces of Unity	7
1.1	Kepler: Unity as Mathematical Metaphysics	7
1.2	Kant: Unity as a Heuristic and Logical Principle	12
1.3	Whewell: Unity as Consilience and Certainty	16
1.4	Logical Empiricism: Unity as Method and Integration	22
1.5	Unity as Explanation	25
2	Unification, Realism and Inference	35
2.1	The Friedman Model	38
2.2	The Importance of Conjunction	39
2.3	Reduction versus Representation	43
2.4	Consilience and Unification	52
2.5	Unification as an Evidential or Epistemic Virtue	57
Appendix	Derivation of the van der Waals Law: Historical Details	59
3	Maxwell's Unification of Electromagnetism and Optics	62
3.1	Development of Electromagnetic Theory: The Early Stages	64
3.2	Unification and Realism: Some Problems for the Electromagnetic Theory	79
3.3	The Electromagnetic Theory: Later Developments	81
3.4	Realism and Dynamical Explanation	99
4	Gauges, Symmetries and Forces: The Electroweak Unification	109
4.1	Fermi and Beta Decay	110
4.2	Symmetries, Objects and Laws	114
4.3	The First Steps to Unity: Symmetry and Gauge Theory	118
4.4	Unity through Symmetry-Breaking	121
4.5	Renormalization: The Final Constraint	127
4.6	When Unity Isn't Enough	130
4.7	Unified Theories and Disparate Things	135
Appendix 4.1	Weinberg's Lepton Model	140
Appendix 4.2	Renormalization	143
5	Special Relativity and the Unity of Physics	147
5.1	Electrodynamics circa 1892-1904: Lorentz and the Origins of Relativity	149
5.2	Einstein circa 1905: Lorentz Transformed	162
5.3	From Fields to Tensors: Minkowski Space-Time	183
6	Darwin and Natural Selection; Unification versus Explanation	192
6.1	On the Nature of Darwin's Theory	193
6.2	Kitcher's Argument Patterns: Explanation as Derivation and Systematization	196
6.3	Methods and Causes: History and Influence	202
6.4	Does Unity Produce Explanation?	206
7	Structural Unity and the Biological Synthesis	210
7.1	Synthesis and Unity	210
7.2	Mathematics and Theory	213
7.3	Disunity and Explanation	227
	Conclusions	232
	Notes	238
	References	257
	Index	267