The making of a bourgeois state Book

	List of tables
	List of figures
	Acknowledgements
	Chronology of major events
	Introduction	1
Pt. I	The Context of the Problem	13
1	The Dutch Republic: united in contrasts	15
	Diversity in economy and urbanization	15
	Early political structures	18
	Continued warfare	22
	The great seventeenth century exception	24
2	The costs of warfare	32
	The military revolution in the army	34
	The standing navy of the five admiralties	39
	Debating the number of troops	43
	The reluctant consent to new navy vessels	50
	Increases during the Eighty Years' War	59
Pt. II	The Relative Crisis	69
3	Shifting the burden of war	71
	Attempts at unified taxation	74
	The vote in quotas	78
	Voting extraordinary budgets	82
	A budget of revenues for the Union	86
4	The first shift: centralized means	90
	Central options	92
	The revenue from conquered areas and generality lands	94
	The navy funds: customs	100
	The dead weight of the admiralties	108
	The limitation of choices at the centre	112
5	The second shift: provincial taxation	118
	The exceptional structure of taxation in Holland	121
	Taxation in the semi-periphery: Utrecht and Zeeland	132
	Problematic taxation in the periphery	134
	Yield and distribution of the burden	137
	The barriers to taxation	141
6	The third shift: public loans	158
	A provincial financial revolution	161
	The Union's debt	165
	Admiralties' arrears and debts	172
	Investors in the public debt	173
	The excellence of Dutch credit	177
Pt. III	Consequences of the Shift	185
7	Civil servants in a fragmented state	187
	Failed monopolization of violence and taxation	191
	The bureaucrats within the centre	195
	The Hague and its competing colleges	200
	The growth of regional and local bureaucracies	205
	The centre subordinated to oligarchies	208
8	State finances and patterns of state formation	216
	Archives and sources	228
	Index	230