The Big Black Site: A Folsom Complex Workshop in the Knife River Flint Quarry Area, North Dakota Book

	Foreword	v
	Acknowledgments	vii
	Contents	ix
	Figures	xii
	Tables	xvi
1.	Project Overview	1
	Report Organization	2
2.	Background Information	3
	Project Setting	3
	Project History	7
	Culture History	7
	Present Environment	7
3.	Research Design	11
	Introduction	11
	Summary	14
4.	Site Description and Field Work	15
	Site Description	15
	Previous Investigations	15
	Field Methods	17
	Scheduling	18
	1993-1994 Investigations	22
	Summary of Field Work	32
5.	Geologic Studies and Natural Stratigraphy	33
6.	Cultural Stratigraphy and Analytic Unit Structure	45
	Introduction	45
	Diagnostic Artifacts and Radiocarbon Dates	45
	Vertical Distributions of Artifacts	48
	Analytic Units	63
7.	Analysis of Artifacts from Surface Collections	77
	Introduction	77
	Stone Tools	77
	Chipped Stone Flake Debris	89
	Other Material Classes	90
	Technology and Patination	93
	Spatial Analysis	93
	Discussion	103
	Summary	109
8.	Pottery From Site 32DU955C	111
	Introduction and Analytic Methods	111
	Description of the Sample	111
	Distribution of the Pottery	113
	Discussion	113
9.	Vertebrate Remains from the Big Black Site	117
	Research Objectives	117
	Methods of Recovery and Analysis	117
	General Description of the Site Faunal Assemblage	118
	Assessing Assemblage Contemporaneity of Large and Small Mammal Components	120
	Evidence of Cultural Association	127
	Evidence of Natural Association	133
	Characterization of Prehistoric Environmental Change	134
	Characterization of Prehistoric Subsistence	136
	Conclusion	137
10.	Features	139
	Archaic Component	139
	Folsom Component	139
11.	Stone Tools from Post-Folsom and Mixed Contexts	151
	Introduction	151
	Post-Folsom and Mixed Context Collection	151
	Stone Tools	151
	Summary	167
12.	Folsom Stone Tools	169
	Folsom Stone Tools	169
	Folsom Fluted Point Production	175
13.	Site Discussion and Summary	231
	Introduction	231
	Late Prehistoric Component	231
	Archaic Component	236
	Folsom Component	239
	Late Folsom Occupation: Block 2	243
	Early Folsom Occupation: Block 2	248
	Block 3	258
	Block 4	262
	Block 5 Folsom	265
	Comparative Information	267
	Report Summary	276
	References Cited	281
Appendix A	Big Black (32DU955C) Paleoethnobotanical Analysis	289
	Introduction	289
	Procedures	289
	Results	289
	Summary and Conclusions	294
Appendix A	References Cited	295