The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements Book

List of Tables ix

List of Abbreviations xi

Foreword Dr Paul Wallace xiii

Preface xv

Acknowledgements xvii

Part I Introduction

1 "Patterns of Political Leadership" and Ethnonationalist Insurgency 3

2 Sikh Ethnic Identity and Early Post-Independence Politics in Punjab 22

Part II The Emergence of the Sikh Ethnonationalist Movement (1978-1984)

3 Beginnings of Sikh Extremism (1978-1981) 41

4 Emergence of Ethnonationalist Violence (1981-1983) 58

5 Agitation, Ethnic Insurgency, and the Road to Operation Bluestar (1983-1984) 79

Part III The Sustenance of the Sikh Ethnonationalist Movement (1984-1992)

6 Failed Political Compromises and Re-marginalization of Sikh Moderates (1984-1986) 103

7 Reorganization of the Militants and the Armed Struggle for Khalistan (1986-1988) 127

8 The Divided State and Electoral Victory of the Extremists (1988-1990) 157

9 Escalating Factionalism and Internecine Violence within the Separatist Movement (1990-1992) 182

Part IV The Demise of the Sikh Ethnonationalist Movement (1992-1997)

10 Crushing of the Violent Sikh Ethnonationalist Movement by the Unified State (1992-1993) 217

11 Return of Normalcy to Punjab and Sikh Politics (1993-1997) 238

Part V Conclusion

12 "Patterns of Political Leadership" and Ethnonationalist Insurgency in a Comparative Perspective 263

Glossary 297

Select Bibliography 300

Index 307

About the Author 315