The Holy Cities, the Pilgrimage and the World of Islam: A History: From the Earliest Traditions Till 1925 (1344H) Book

List of Maps and Charts     xii
List of Illustrations and Photography     xiii
A Word from the Publisher     xvi
Author's Preface (with Acknowledgements)     xviii
A General Guide to Transliteration     xxiv
A Comparative Table of Hijri and CE Dates     xxv
Introduction     xxviii
Chapter I     6
From the Earliest Traditions till the Dawn of Islam     6
Makkah, 'the Honoured Sanctuary' and the Region     6
Chapter II     44
The Era of the Prophet Muhammad [characters not reproducible] and the 'Rightly Guided' Khalifahs (11H/632-40H/661)     44
Makkah and 'the Honoured Sanctuary'     44
Al-Madinah (The Prophet's City) and Mosque     53
Chapter III     60
The Era of the Bani Umaiyyah (41H/661-132H/750)     60
Makkah     60
Al-Madinah     67
Chapter IV     83
The 'Abbasid and the Fatimid Eras (132H/750-656H/1258)     83
Makkah     83
Al-Madinah     105
Chapter V     123
The Era of the Mamluks (648H/1250-922H/1517)     123
Makkah and al-Madinah     123
Chapter VI     153
Life andCulture in The Holy Cities in some Travel Accounts     153
The 'Safarnameh' of Nasir-e-Khusro     154
The Travels of Ibn Jubayr     158
The Travels of Ibn Battutah     164
Chapter VII     168
Makkah, al-Madinah and the Four Ottoman Centuries     168
The Ottomans: Origins and Early History     168
The Ottoman Conquest of the Mamluk Dominions     175
The Beginning of the Ottoman Caliphate     179
Salim (Selim) I (r.918H/1512 till 926H/1520)     182
Sulayman "the Magnificent" (r.926H/1520 till 974H/1566)     190
Salim (Selim) II (r.974H/1566 till 982H/1574)     198
Murad (Murat) III (r. 982H/1574 till 1003H/1595)     202
Muhammad (Mehmet) III (r. 1003H/1595 till 1012H/ 1603)     206
Chapter VIII     208
The Grand Sharifs of Makkah During this Era     208
Chapter IX     237
The Holy Cities, Muslim Philanthropy and the Role of Women     237
Chapter X     289
The Era of the Latter Ottoman Sultans     289
Makkah     289
Al-Madinah     314
Chapter XI     329
The 'Unitarian' Call, Muhammad 'Ali and Arabia     329
The Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Abdal-Wahhab (b. 1115H/1703-d.1206H/1792), his Teachings and Legacy     329
The Birth of the First 'Unitarian' Sa'udi State     333
The Pact between the Amir Muhammad ibn Sa'ud (r.1139H/1726-1179H/1765) and the Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Abdal-Wahhab     333
The Amir 'Abdal-'Aziz ibn Sa'ud (r. 1179H/1765-1218H/1803)     335
The Adherents of the 'Da'wah' in the Holy Cities     338
Sa'ud ibn 'Abdal-'Aziz (r. 1218H/1803-1229H/1814)     339
The First Egyptian Expedition under Tusun Pasha (1226H/1811)     343
The Second Egyptian Expedition under Ibrahim Pasha     351
The Fall of al-Dir'iyyah and the First Sa'udi State     354
Egyptian Occupation (1233H/1818 - 1256H/1840)     360
The Interregnum in Najd     360
The Turkce Bilmez Affair     363
Sa'udi Revival: The Rise of Turki ibn 'Abdallah in Najd     367
Mishari ibn 'Abdal-Rahman, Faysal ibn Turki, Khalid ibn Sa'ud and 'AbdAllah ibn Thunaiyyan Al Sa'ud     368
Faysal ibn Turki's Second Reign     374
Muhammad 'Ali, the Sultan and Egyptian withdrawal from Arabia     376
Ibrahim Pasha's Advance into Syria and the North     376
The Treaty of London of 1256H(1840)     378
The International Influence of the 'Da'wah'     381
Chapter XII      391
The Hajj at the Time of the Visits of Ibrahim Rif'at Pasha (Between 1318H/1901 and 1325H/1908)     391
Makkah     391
Supplications to be Recited in Performing the 'Tawaf'     397
Supplications offered after the 'Tawaf' at (1) 'al-Multazim'; (2) 'Maqam Ibrahim'; and (3) 'Hijr Isma'il'     402
(Prayer to be Recited at the Mount of al-Safa before the 'Sa'i'-the ritual in commemoration of Hajir's experience, the Completion of which, after the 'Tawaf', constitutes the end of the "Umrah'-'the Lesser Pilgrimage')     406
Supplications to be read or recited upon beholding 'Arafat and then during the 'Wuquf' (Standing)     414
Al-Madinah     425
Offer of the Salutation of Peace to the Prophet [characters not reproducible]     426
Salutation to the first Caliph Abu Bakr 'al-Siddiq' (resting a little to the Prophet's right)     427
Salutation to the second Caliph 'Umar ibn al-Khattab 'al-Faruq' (resting to Abu Bakr's right)     428
The Graveyard of 'al-Baqi' al-Gharqad'     428
A Supplication to be recited at 'al-Baqi' al-Gharqad'     428
Salutation to the third Caliph 'Uthman ibn 'Affan 'Dhu'l Nurayn' (buried in a corner of 'al-Baqi`')     429
Chapter XIII     443
Ottoman Disintegration and Withdrawal from the Hejaz     443
'The Eastern Question', 'the Great Game', the 'Young Turks' and the Prelude to Global Conflict     443
The Call for 'Jehad', Sharif Husayn and the Path towards the Arab Revolt     455
The C.U.P. and Freemasonry, Zionist Aspirations and Other Secret Societies and Movements     461
'The Damascus Protocol' and the Sharif-McMahon Correspondence     474
The Course of the Revolt     481
The Campaign for the North and al-Madinah and Fakhri Pasha     485
The Sykes-Picot-Sazanov Agreement     491
The Departure of Fakhri Pasha and the Surrender of al-Madinah     496
Chapter XIV     504
The Kingdom of the Hejaz     504
Sharif Husayn as 'King of the Arab Lands' and 'Khalifah'     504
Assumption of the Caliphate by King Husayn     509
Beginning of the Najdi Invasion of the Hejaz     514
The International Crisis Over the Caliphate and the 'Khilafat' Movement     520
The Abdication and Exile of King Husayn and the Election of 'Ali     526
The Aftermath: Makkah, Ibn Sa'ud and the Islamic World     540
The Muslim Conference in Makkah of 1344/45H(1926)     544
viii
Islamic Dynasties involved with the Holy Cities     553
Amirs (Governors) of Makkah     563
Amirs (Governors) of al-Madinah     579
Mosques Associated with the Memory of the Prophet     585
Makkah and its Vicinity     585
Al-Madinah and its Vicinity     587
Notes and Sources     590
Bibliography (Books and Material cited)     641
General Index of Important Names     662
Index of Important Places and Sacred Sites     686