The Geographical Structure of Epidemics Book

	List of Figures
	List of Tables
1	Epidemics as Diffusion Waves	1
	Geography and spatial diffusion	1
	The work of Torsten Hagerstrand	4
	Hagerstrand's Monte Carlo diffusion model	6
	Applications to epidemiological data	9
	The nature of epidemics	10
	The burden of communicable disease	12
	Measles as a tracer epidemic disease	16
	Epidemic disease modelling: an historical note	21
	Simple mass-action models	21
	Kendall and spatial waves	26
	Epidemics as spatial diffusion processes	29
2	Epidemics on Small Islands	31
	Islands as natural epidemic laboratories	31
	Iceland as a laboratory	33
	Iceland's record of epidemic waves	37
	Generalizations and wave sequences	43
	Iceland as a graph	46
	Iceland: predicting epidemic measles waves	47
	Measles in Fiji and the south-west Pacific	52
	The Fijian outbreak of 1875	53
	The demographic impact of the epidemic	59
	Indian migration of Fiji	61
3	Global Origins and Dispersals	67
	The geographical question of disease origins	69
	The limits of historical evidence	74
	Carl Sauer and geographical speculation	77
	Extension of Sauer's methods to disease origins	80
	Global change and its disease implosions	82
	Growth and relocation of the human population	85
	Changing global land use	87
	Global warming	91
	The collapse of geographical space	93
	Disease implosions of global change	95
4	Containing Epidemic Spread	99
	Spatial control strategies	99
	Local elimination and the natural breaks in infection	103
	The impact of vaccination on epidemic cycles	104
	Defensive isolation against epidemics	110
	Offensive containment	111
	Ring control strategies	115
	Global eradication: the smallpox campaigns	119
	Global campaigns for other epidemic diseases	121
	Poliomyelitis elimination campaigns	126
	Conclusions	129
	Notes	131
	Index	145