The European Union Legal Order after Lisbon (European Monographs Series) Book

List of Abbreviation

Introduction

PART I The Future of the European Union Legal and Political Order 1

Chapter 1 The Future of the European Public Law Prof. Dr Jurgen Schwarze Schwarze, Prof. Dr Jurgen 3

1 Introduction: From National to European Public Law 3

2 Elements, Structure, and Frame of European Public Law 4

3 Survey of Recent Developments 6

3.1 Germany 6

3.2 France 10

3.3 United Kingdom 15

3.4 Southern European Countries 19

3.5 Central and Eastern European Countries 20

3.6 Europe 22

4 Conclusion 29

Chapter 2 The Future of the European Order John Erik Fossum Fossum, John Erik 33

1 Introduction 33

2 Possible Paths to a European Future of Democracy 36

2.1 A Europe of Nation-States 37

2.1.1 Assessment: Is This the Path to Europe's Future Democratic Order? 38

2.2 A Federal Europe 42

2.2.1 Assessment: Is This the Path to Europe's Future Democratic Order? 44

2.3 Regional-European Democracy 48

2.3.1 Assessment: Is This the Path to Europe's Future Democratic Order? 52

3 Conclusion 55

Chapter 3 The EU and Global Administrative Law Jean-Bernard Auby Auby, Jean-Bernard 57

1 EU and Globalization 58

1.1 Regional Integration 58

1.2 All Previously Mentioned Phenomena Have Their Echo in Law 59

2 The 'GAL' Theory and Its Possible Application to European Institutions 60

2.1 What Is That Which Is Now Rather Well Known as the 'GAL' Theory? 60

2.2 Is the 'GAL' Theory Applicable to the Functioning of the EU and to the EU Institutions? 61

3 Some Pieces to be Added 62

3.1 Globalization Creates Interconnections, between Political and Legal Spaces, Both Horizontally and Vertically 62

3.2 The Democratic and Constitutional Background 63

Chapter 4 Governance and Constitutionalism in the European Order Agustin Jose Menendez Menendez, Agustin Jose 65

1 Introduction 65

2 Are the Constitutional Treaty and the Lisbon Treaty So Different? 67

3 The Ambivalence of European Constitutional Law: Between Synthetic Constitutionalism and Systematic Experimentalism 75

3.1 The Ambivalent Nature of Community Law 76

3.2 Two Alternative Views: Synthetic Constitutionalism and Governance 79

3.2.1 Constitutional Synthesis 80

3.2.2 The Governance Theory 83

3.3 Laeken and Lisbon as Reflections of Synthetic Constitutionalism and of Governance 86

4 Conclusion 87

Part II The Future of Regulation 91

Chapter 5 Legal Control of Regulatory Bodies: Principle, Policy, and Teleology Paul Craig Craig, Paul 93

1 General Precepts: Availability of Judicial Review 94

1.1 Community Agencies and Bodies 94

1.2 Executive Agencies 96

1.3 Union Agencies and Bodies 99

1.4 National Agencies 101

2 General Precepts: Standing 102

3 General Precepts: Targeting Judicial Review 104

3.1 The Alignment of Review and Responsibility: Sogelma 104

3.2 The Alignment of Review and Power: Artegodan 105

4 General Precepts: Impact Assessment and Subsidiarity 106

5 Specific Areas: Regulation and Standardization 109

5.1 Access 110

5.2 Substance 112

6 Specific Areas: Competition 114

7 Conclusion 116

Chapter 6 EU Financial Regulation: From Harmonization to the Birth of EU Federal Financial Law Takis Tridimas Tridimas, Takis 117

1 The Early Years: Harmonization of Company and Securities Law 118

2 The FSAP and the Lamfalussy Process 119

3 Salient Features of the Harmonization Programme 122

4 The Post-Crisis Phase: Panic and Reflection 127

4.1 Crisis Management 127

4.2 Law Reform 131

5 Conclusion 134

Chapter 7 The State, Competition and Public Services Chris Bovis Bovis, Chris 137

1 Introduction 137

2 The Conceptual Ingredients of Public Services under EU Law 138

2.1 Public Service Obligations, Universal Service Obligations, and Services of General Economic Interest 139

2.2 The Characteristics of Public Services 140

2.3 The Economic Assessment of Public Services and Reflections on the Role of the State 143

3 The Legal Treatment of the Financing of Public Services 144

3.1 Public Services and State Aid Assessment 144

3.2 Public Procurement and Public Services 146

4 Conclusion 153

Chapter 8 Regulating Media Markets: The Need for Subsidiarity and Clarity of Principle Mike Varney Varney, Mike 155

1 An Illustration from the UK - BSKYB/ITV 157

2 The EU and the Media: Multiple Inputs into a Complex Regulatory Space 161

3 Freedom to Provide Services and Media Markets 162

4 The Reform of the 'New Regulatory Framework' 166

5 Recent Developments in State Aid Law to PSB 171

6 Media Pluralism and the European Commission 172

7 Conclusion 173

Part III Citizenship and Human Rights 177

Chapter 9 EU Law's Fundamental Rights Regime and Post-National Constitutionalism: Kadi's Global Setting Gordon Anthony Anthony, Gordon 179

1 Introduction 179

2 Global Governance and Constitutionalism 182

3 Kadi: Its Facts and Findings 188

4 Kadi: A Critique and a Defence 192

5 Conclusion 195

Chapter 10 Citizenship and European Democracy: European Constitution and Treaty of Lisbon Massimo La Torre La Torre, Massimo 197

1 A 'Baroque' Order 198

2 Two Versions 201

3 European Citizenship 202

4 Citizenship and Political rights 205

5 Democatic Deficit Unsolved 209

Chapter 11 The European Asylum Policy: Myth and Reality Diana-Urania Galetta Galetta, Diana-Urania 213

1 From the Geneva Convention on Refugees to The Hague Programme of November 2004: The First Stage of the European Asylum Policy (EAP) 213

2 From the First to the Second Phase: Goals Achieved and Work Still to Be Done 215

3 The European Pact on Immigration and Asylum: A 'Golden Opportunity' or just another Political Commitment? 220

4 The Existing Legislative Instruments: Too Much ADO about Nothing? 221

5 Substantive EU Law, Member States' Procedural Autonomy and the Rule of the ECJ: 'No Martini, No Party' 224

6 Conclusion 225

Chapter 12 Transparency and Access to Documents Patrick Birkinshaw Birkinshaw, Patrick 229

1 Introduction 229

2 What is Transparency and How Does It Relate to Openness and Access to Information? 230

3 Transparency, Access, and the EU 232

4 The Record on Transparency 232

5 The Joint Code on Access 234

6 The Regulation on Access to Information 236

7 The Regulation on Access 1049/2001 237

8 The Exceptions 238

9 The Decision-Making Process of an Institution 242

10 Documents Originating from a Member State 242

11 EU Documents Held by a Member State 243

12 Applications 243

13 Sensitive Documents 244

14 Registers, Access, and Related Areas 244

15 The Report on Implementation 245

16 Proposals for Reform 246

17 Proposals for Exceptions 246

17.1 Protection of the Environment 247

17.2 Court Proceedings and Legal Advice 247

17.3 Individual Privacy 247

17.4 Decision Making 248

17.5 Member State Documents 249

17.6 Miscellaneous 249

18 Overall Impact 249

19 The European Parliament's Proposals 250

20 The Treaty of Lisbon 251

Part IV Constitutional and Legal Principles in an Uncertain Order 255

Chapter 13 Multilevel Governance and Executive Federalism: Comparing Germany and the European Union Jacques Ziller Ziller, Jacques 257

1 Separation of Powers and the Five Functions of Government 258

2 Executive Federalism 261

3 A Functional Perspective on the Executive Function: Comparing German Executive Federalism with EU Executive Federalism 262

4 Constitutional Principles Applying to Executive Federalism 265

5 Execution of Federal Law by the Lander in their Own Right' 268

6 Execution by the Lander 'on Federal Commission' 272

7 Conclusion 274

Chapter 14 The Role of European Judges in an Era of Uncertainty John Bell Bell, John 277

1 Uncertainty and the Conventional Judicial Role 278

2 National Court Approaches to Reducing Uncertainty 279

2.1 Evidential Uncertainty 279

2.2 Normative Uncertainty 279

2.3 Existential Uncertainty 280

2.4 Deference 281

2.5 Institutional Position 281

3 The European Court of Justice 282

3.1 Institutional Role 283

4 What Workload is Being Created? 285

4.1 Limiting the Role on Law and Fact 285

4.2 Normative Uncertainty 287

5 Conclusion 289

Chapter 15 The Esoteric Dimension of Constitutional Pluralism: EU's Internal Constitutional Sub-units and the Non-symbolic Cumulative Constitution Constantinos Kombos Kombos, Constantinos 291

1 Introduction 291

2 Theoretical Background to Pluralism and the Ontological Parameter of Constitutional Pluralism 295

2.1 Constitutional Vocabulary and Theories of Relational Pluralism 295

2.2 Constitutional Pluralism and Its Different Aspects 298

2.3 Ontological Pluralism: National Constitutional Qualities, Revolutionary and Evolutionary Constitutions, and the Role of Constitutional Symbolism 299

2.4 Ontological Pluralism: Formalistic Criteria and/or Functional Criteria? 303

3 'Plurality of Constitutional Pluralities': The Internal, Esoteric Constitutional Sub-Units of the Union 308

4 An Overview of the Internal Constitutional Pluralism of the Union: The Constitutional Sub-Units and Recent Case Law of the ECJ 310

4.1 Social versus Economic Sub-Units 310

4.2 The Juridical Constitutional Sub-Unit 318

4.3 The Security Constitutional Sub-Unit 321

5 Conclusion 322

Bibliography 325

Table of Cases 349

Table of Legislations 359

Index 363