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About the Author vii
Part I Background 1
1 Bringing Achievement Gaps Into Focus 3
Setting the Stage 3
The Importance of the Problem 5
Defining the Achievement Gap 9
Cautions for the Voyage 10
Conclusion 21
2 Portraying and Tracking Achievement Gaps Coby V. Meyers 23
Tracking the Gaps 24
Looking at the Gap Across Levels 67
Conclusion 74
Part II Grinding Up Hope: Explaining The Development And Persistence Of Achievement Gaps 77
Introduction 77
3 Environmental Causes of Achievement Gaps: An Introduction 83
4 Environmental Causes of Achievement Gaps: Socioeconomic Status 87
Family Occupation and Educational Backgrounds 88
Family Income and Wealth 91
Conclusion 98
5 Environmental Causes of Achievement Gaps: Family Environment 99
Family Structural Characteristics 101
Family Home Environment 104
Conclusion 121
6 Environmental Causes of Achievement Gaps: Community, Racism, and Individual Differences 123
Community 123
Racism and Discrimination 127
Individual Differences: Genetics and Ability 131
Conclusion 134
7 Environmental Causes of Achievement Gaps: Out-of-School Learning Experiences 135
Education Before Kindergarten: Readiness 136
Educational Opportunities in the Summer 140
Conclusion 145
8 Schooling Causes of the Achievement Gap: The Instructional Program 147
Introduction 147
Teachers and Teaching 151
Curricular Courses of Study 164
Conclusion 177
9 Schooling Causes of the Achievement Gap: School Culture, Structure, and Support 179
School Culture 180
Structure and Support 189
Conclusion 203
Part III Opening The Doors Of Possibility: Strategies for Closing AchievementGaps 205
Introduction 205
10 Closing Achievement Gaps: Focusing on the Social and Economic Environment 209
Improving the Economic and Social Conditions of Low-Income Families 212
Compensating for the Conditions of Poverty and Discrimination 214
Conclusion 230
11 Closing Achievement Gaps: A Focus on Schooling 231
Introduction 231
General Rules of Engagement 233
Gap Closing Strategies 237
Conclusion 239
References 271
Index 287
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Add The Educator's Handbook for Understanding and Closing Achievement Gaps, Distinguished researcher Joseph Murphy has gathered and analyzed the most up-to-date research and data to help school leaders understand what the achievement gap is, why it persists, and what educators can do about it. This comprehensive handbook Exami, The Educator's Handbook for Understanding and Closing Achievement Gaps to the inventory that you are selling on WonderClubX
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Add The Educator's Handbook for Understanding and Closing Achievement Gaps, Distinguished researcher Joseph Murphy has gathered and analyzed the most up-to-date research and data to help school leaders understand what the achievement gap is, why it persists, and what educators can do about it. This comprehensive handbook Exami, The Educator's Handbook for Understanding and Closing Achievement Gaps to your collection on WonderClub |