The Consumer Guide to Non-Contact Level Gauges Book

0.0 Disclaimer
1.0 Executive Summary
2.0 Level Measurement Systems
2.1 Material Interfaces
2.2 Level Measurement Sensors and Transmitters
2.3 Mechanical Level Measurement Systems
2.4 Level Measurement Systems With Fluid Contact
2.5 Level Measurement Systems Without Fluid Contact
2.6 Externally-Mounted Level Measurement Systems
2.7 Open Channel Flow Measurement Sytems
2.8 Measured Quantity
2.9 Typical Applications
3.0 Non-Contact Level Measurement Technology
3.1 Laser Level Measurement
3.2 Non-Contact Radar Level Measurement
3.3 Ultrasonic Level Measurement
3.4 Total Beam Angle
3.5 Sensor Size and Excitation Frequency
4.0 Transmitter Design
4.1 Analog Transmitters
4.2 Digital Transmitters
4.3 Fieldbus Transmitters
5.0 Supplier Data
5.1 Process Limits
5.2 Ambient Limits
5.3 Installation/Maintenance (Sensor)
5.4 Transmitter
5.5 Installation/Maintenance (Transmitter)
5.6 Reference Performance
5.7 Operating Effects (Sensor and Transmitter)
6.0 Supplier Data Analysis
6.1 Process Limits
6.2 Ambient Limits
6.3 Installation/Maintenance (Sensor)
6.4 Transmitter
6.5 Installation/Maintenance (Transmitter)
6.6 Reference Performance
6.7 Operating Effects
7.0 Summary of Analysis
8.0 Level Measurement System Performance
8.1 Accuracy Statements
8.2 Measurement Range
8.3 Data Analysis
9.0 Reference Performance
9.1 Level Sensor
9.2 Effect of Transmitter Accuracy on Level Measurement
9.3 Digital Output vs. Analog Output Performance
10.0 Actual Performance
10.1 Ambient Temperature Effects
10.2 Operating Temperature Effects (Sensor)
10.3 Process Temperature Effects
10.4 Process Pressure Effects
10.5 Composition Effects
10.6 Speed of Ultrasonic Entery in the Vapor Space
10.7 Effects of Level Measurement Error
11.0 Supplier Performance Claims
11.1 High Rangedown
11.2 High Accuracy
11.3 Measurement Not Affected by Temperature
11.4 Measurement Not Affected by Dielectric Constant
11.5 Measure Large Distances
12.0 Installation Considerations
12.1 Characteristics of the Material
12.2 Vapor Considerations
12.3 Vessel Considerations
12.4 Sensor Considerations
12.5 Electrical Installation
12.6 Level Transmitter Calibration
12.7 Ambient Conditions
13.0 Accessories
13.1 Level Sensors
13.2 Level Transmitters
13.3 Level Transmitter Signals
14.0 Explanation of Attachments
15.0 Non-Contact Level Gauge Supplier Profiles
15.1 The Major Suppliers of Non-Contact Level Gauges
15.2 Other Suppliers of Non-Contact Level Gauges

Attachments
Non-Contact Level Gauge Categories
Availability of Selected Features
Reference Accuracy by Various Tank Heights
2000mm
5000mm
10000mm
Products and Specifications by Supplier

About the Authors