The Brief McGraw-Hill Handbook with MLA & APA Updates Book

The Brief McGraw-Hill HandbookPreface for Students and TutorialsPreface for InstructorsIntroduction: Writing to Learna. Studying a range of academic disciplinesb. Using writing as a tool for learningc. Taking responsibility for reading, writing, and researchd. Recognizing that writing improves with practice1. Writing and Designing Papers 1. Reading, Thinking, Writing: The Critical Connection a. Reading critically b. Thinking critically c. Writing critically 2. Planning and Shaping a. Learning how to approach assignmentsb. Exploring your ideas c. Developing a working thesis d. Planning structure e. Considering visuals 3. Drafting a. Using online tools for drafting b. Developing ideas and using visuals c. Writing focused, clearly organized paragraphs *d. Integrating visuals effectively 4. Revising and Editing a. Getting comments from readers b. Using online tools for revising c. Focusing on the purpose of your writing d. Testing your thesis e. Reviewing structuref. Revising paragraphsg. Revising visuals h. Editing sentences i. Proofreading carefully j. Using campus, Internet, and community resources k. Learning from one student’s revisions 5. Designing Academic Papers and Portfoliosa. Considering audience and purpose b. Using computer toolbars c. Thinking intentionally about design d. Compiling a portfolio2. Writing in College and beyond College6. Informative Reports a. Understanding the assignment b. Approaching writing an informative report as a process c. Student paper: Informative report 7. Interpretive Analyses and Writing about Literaturea. Understanding the assignment b. Approaching writing an interpretive analysis as a process c. Student paper: Interpretive analysis 8. Argumentsa. Understanding the assignment b. Approaching writing an argument as a process c. Student paper: Argument 9. Other Kinds of Writing Assignmentsa. Personal essaysb. Essay exams 10. Oral Presentationsa. Planningb. Draftingc. Preparing 11. Multimedia Writinga. Tools for creating multimedia texts b. Interpreting images c. Hypertext essays d. Multimedia presentations e. Web sites f. Blogs12. Writing beyond Collegea. Addressing the communityb. Designing brochures, posters, and newslettersc. Internships d. Résumés e. Job application letters and interviewsf. Writing on the job 3. Researching13. Understanding Research a. Primary and secondary research b. Research and college writing c. Choosing a research question d. Understanding the research assignment e. Creating a research plan 14. Finding and Managing Print and Online Sources a. Using the library in person and online b. Kinds of sources c. Keyword searches d. Printed and online reference works e. Print indexes and online databases f. Search engines and subject directories g. Using the library’s online or card catalog h. Government documents i. Online communication 15. Finding and Creating Effective Visuals a. Finding and displaying quantitative data b. Online and print sources 16. Evaluating Sourcesa. Print sources b. Internet sources c. Evaluating a source’s arguments 17. Doing Research in the Archive, Field, and Laba. Ethics b. Archival research c. Field research d. Lab research18. Plagiarism, Copyright Infringement, and Intellectual Propertya. Definitionsb. Avoiding plagiarismc. Fair use19. Working with Sources and Avoiding Plagiarisma. Maintaining a working bibliographyb. Creating an annotated bibliography c. Taking notes d. Taking stock e. Integrating quotations, paraphrases, and summaries20. Writing the Papera. Planning and drafting b. Revising c. Documenting 4. MLA Documentation Style 21. MLA Style: In-Text Citations 22. MLA Style: List of Works Cited 23. MLA Style: Explanatory Notes24. MLA Style: Paper Format25. Student Paper in MLA Style5. APA Documentation Style26. APA Style: In-Text Citations27. APA Style: References28. APA Style: Paper Format29. Student Paper in APA Style6. Editing for Clarity30. Avoiding Wordiness a. Redundancies and unnecessary modifiersb. Wordy phrasesc. Roundabout sentences31. Adding Missing Words a. Compound structuresb. The word thatc. Words in comparisonsd. The articles a, an, the32. Unscrambling Mixed Constructions a. Mixed-up sentencesb. Illogical predicates33. Fixing Confusing Shifts a. In point of viewb. In tensec. In mood and voiced. Between direct and indirect quotations and questions 34. Using Parallel Constructions a. Items in a seriesb. Paired ideasc. Function words35. Fixing Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers a. Misplaced modifiersb. Ambiguous modifiersc. Disruptive modifiersd. Split infinitivese. Dangling modifiers36. Using Coordination and Subordination Effectivelya. Coordination for equal ideas b. Major ideas in subordinate clausesc. Excessive subordination37. Varying Your Sentences a. Sentence openingsb. Length and structurec. Cumulative and periodic sentencesd. Inversions, rhetorical questions, and exclamations38. Choosing Active Verbs a. Alternatives to "be" verbsb. Active voice39. Using Appropriate Languagea. Slang, regional expressions, and nonstandard Englishb. Levels of formalityc. Jargond. Euphemisms and doublespeake. Biased or sexist language40. Using Exact Language a. Connotationsb. Specific and concrete wordsc. Standard idiomsd. Clichése. Figures of speechf. Misusing wordsg. Using the dictionary41. Glossary of Usage7. Editing for Grammar Conventions 42. Fixing Sentence Fragments a. Dependent-clause fragmentsb. Phrase fragmentsc. Other types of fragments43. Repairing Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences a. Adding a coordinating conjunctionb. Using a semicolonc. Separating into two sentencesd. Making one clause dependente. Transforming two clauses into one independent clause44. Maintaining Subject-Verb Agreement a. Subject separated by a word group from the verbb. Compound subjectsc. Collective subjectsd. Indefinite subjectse. When the subject comes after the verbf. Subject complementg. Relative pronounsh. –ing phrasesi. Titles, company names, or words representing themselves45. Recognizing Problems with Verbs a. Regular and irregular verbsb. "Lay" and "lie," "sit" and "set," "rise" and "raise"c. "–s" or "–es" endingsd. "–d" or "–ed" endings e. Tensesf. Past perfect tenseg. Present tenseh. Complete verbsi. Mood46. Fixing Problems with Pronouns a. Pronoun agreementb. Pronoun referencec. Pronoun cased. Who and whom47. Recognizing Problems with Adjectives and Adverbs a. Adverbsb. Adjectivesc. Positives, comparatives ("-er"), and superlatives ("-est")d. Double negatives48. Special Editing Topics for Multilingual Writers a. Learning in English as a Second Language b. Articles ("a," "an," "the")c. Helping verbsd. Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitivese. Complete subjects and verbs f. Using only one subject or objectg. Adjectives h. Adverb placementi. Prepositionsj. Direct objects with two-word verbsk. Coordination and subordination l. Word orderm. "If" clauses8. Editing for Correctness: Punctuation, Mechanics, and Spelling 49. Commas a. After an introductory word groupb. Between items in a seriesc. Before coordinating conjunctionsd. Between coordinate adjectivese. To set off nonessential elementsf. With transitional and parenthetical expressions, contrasting comments, and absolute phrasesg. To set off words of direct address, "yes" and "no," mild interjections, and tag questionsh. With direct quotationsi. With dates, addresses, titles, and numbersj. In place of an omitted word or phrasek. Common errors50. Semicolonsa. To join independent clausesb. With transitional expressionsc. In a series with commasd. Common errors51. Colonsa. With lists, appositives, or quotationsb. With independent clausesc. Other conventional usesd. Common errors52. Apostrophes a. To indicate possessionb. With indefinite pronounsc. To mark contractionsd. Forming plural letters, words used as words and numbers, and abbreviationse. Common errors53. Quotation Marksa. To indicate direct quotationsb. To enclose titles of short worksc. With words used in special waysd. With other punctuatione. To integrate quotationsf. Common errors54. Other Punctuation Marks a. The periodb. The question markc. The exclamation pointd. Dashese. Parenthesesf. Bracketsg. Ellipsesh. Slashes55. Capitalization a. Proper nounsb. Personal titlesc. Titles of creative worksd. Names of areas or regionse. Names of races, ethnic groups, and sacred thingsf. First word of a sentenceg. First word after a colon56. Abbreviations and Symbols a. Titles like "Dr." or "M.D."b. familiar abbreviationsc. Latin abbreviationsd. Inappropriate abbreviations and symbols57. Numbers a. Numerals versus wordsb. Numbers that begin sentencesc. Conventional uses58. Italics (Underlining)a. Titles of works or separate publicationsb. Names of vehiclesc. Foreign termsd. Scientific namese. Words, letters, and numbers as themselvesf. For emphasis59. Hyphens a. Compound wordsb. Compound adjectives or nounsc. Fractions and compound numbersd. To attach some prefixes and suffixese. To divide words at the ends of lines60. Spelling a. Basic spelling rulesb. Words pronounced alike but spelled differentlyCOMMONLY MISSPELLED WORDS9. Basic Grammar61. Parts of Speecha. Verbsb. Nounsc. Pronounsd. Adjectivese. Adverbsf. Prepositionsg. Conjunctionsh. Interjections62. Parts of Sentencesa. Subjectsb. Verbs and their objects or complements63. Phrases and Dependent Clausesa. Noun phrasesb. Verb phrases and verbalsc. Appositive phrasesd. Absolute phrasese. Dependent clauses64. Types of Sentencesa. Sentence structures b. Sentence purposesTimelineQuick Reference for Multilingual WritersWorld MapAnswers to Tutorials and Selected ExercisesIndex Index for Multilingual WritersAbbreviations and Symbols for Editing and Proofreading