Sustainable Refurbishment Book

Preface ix

Acknowledgements xi

Abbreviations xii

Part 1 Introduction to Building Refurbishment 1

Chapter 1 What is Building Refurbishment? 3

1.1 Introduction 4

1.2 Definitions of Refurbishment 5

1.3 Building Refurbishment Market and Size 10

Endnotes 14

Chapter 2 Sustainable Refurbishment 15

2.1 Introduction 16

2.2 Overview of Sustainable Development 17

2.3 Sustainable Development and Building Refurbishment 29

Endnotes 33

Chapter 3 Occupant Evaluation 34

3.1 Introduction 35

3.2 Changes in Work Patterns 37

3.3 Pre- and Post-Occupancy Evaluations (POE) 38

Endnotes 45

Part 2 Managing Refurbishment as a Process 47

Chapter 4 Drivers for Sustainable Refurbishment? 49

4.1 Market Pressures 50

4.2 Return on Investment 55

4.3 Regulatory Incentives 60

4.4 Financial Incentives and Taxes 65

4.5 Climate Change 71

4.6 Corporate Responsibility 76

4.7 Skills 79

Endnotes 81

Chapter 5 Developing a Business Plan and Strategy 84

5.1 Costs and Risks to Refurbish 85

5.2 Barriers to Refurbishment 86

5.3 Delivering Commercially Viable Refurbishment 87

5.4 Factors to Consider to Improve the Performance 88

5.5 Defining the Strategy 89

Endnotes 89

Chapter 6 Managing Delivery 90

6.1 Delivering a Sustainable Refurbishment 91

6.2 Minor Refurbishment Approach 92

6.3 Major and Comprehensive Refurbishment Approach 94

6.4 Green Leases 96

6.5 ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standards 98

6.6 Energy Star 101

6.7 Managing-Delivery Checklist 102

Endnote 102

Chapter 7 Managing Impacts 103

7.1 International Standards 104

7.2 LEED and BREEAM 106

7.3 Project Sustainability Assessment 110

7.4 Performance Improvements from Standards 114

7.5 Behavioural Change 116

Endnotes 117

Part 3 Low-Carbon Technologies and Materials 119

Chapter 8 Energy-Efficiency Measures 121

8.1 Introduction 122

8.2 Refurbishment Options and Approach 125

8.3 Assessing Costs of Energy-Efficiency Measures 130

8.4 Fabric and Passive Energy-Efficiency Measures 134

8.5 Energy-Efficiency Measures – Mechanical 141

8.6 ESCOs and Energy-Performance Contracting 148

8.7 Energy-Efficiency and Low-Carbon Checklist 154

8.8 Health and Indoor-Environment Checklist 155

Endnotes 156

Chapter 9 Behavioural Change 157

9.1 Commissioning Buildings 158

9.2 Energy Conservation as a Behaviour 160

Endnotes 164

Chapter 10 Renewable Energy 165

10.1 Introduction 166

10.2 Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 168

10.3 Solar Thermal Hot-Water Systems 170

10.4 Wind Turbines 173

10.5 Biofuel Heating 175

10.6 Geothermal Energy 179

10.7 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 180

10.8 Heat Pumps 183

Endnote 185

Chapter 11 Embodied Carbon 186

11.1 Introduction 187

11.2 Embodied Carbon Standards 188

11.3 Varying Embodied Carbon Values in Buildings 192

Case Study 1 – London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority (LFEPA): Energy Case Study 196

Case Study 2 – 89 Culford Road: Extreme Low-Carbon Dwelling Refurbishment 202

Case Study 3 – Empire State Building to Become a Model of Energy 205

Endnotes 214

Part 4 Environmental Areas 215

Chapter 12 Material Use and Resource Efficiency 217

12.1 Introduction 218

12.2 Material-Certification Schemes 219

12.3 Material Procurement 221

12.4 Designing-in Sustainable Materials 222

12.5 Material Resource Efficiency 224

12.6 Site Waste Management 226

12.7 Materials and Resource Efficiency Checklist 230

Endnotes 231

Chapter 13 Water Conservation 233

13.1 Performing a Water Audit 234

13.2 Reducing Water Use 236

13.3 Rainwater Harvesting 238

13.4 Flood Risk and Sustainable Drainage Systems 240

13.5 Water-Conservation Checklist 240

Endnote 241

Chapter 14 Biodiversity 242

14.1 Introduction 243

14.2 Green Roofs and Walls 244

14.3 Provision for Birds 253

14.4 Biodiversity Checklist 254

Endnotes 255

Chapter 15 Transport 256

15.1 Developing a Travel Plan 257

15.2 Delivery Travel Plans 259

15.3 Transport Checklist 260

Glossary 262

Further Reading and Websites 266

Index 271