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Introduction................................................................................................................ 1
How This Book Helps You............................................................................... 2
Conventions Used in This Book....................................................................... 4
Audience....................................................................................................... 5
The Sun Certified System Administrator Exams................................................ 5
Exam CX-310-200.......................................................................................... 6
Manage File Systems......................................................................... 6
Install Software.................................................................................. 6
Perform System Boot Procedures........................................................ 6
Perform User and Security Administration............................................ 7
Manage Network Printers and System Processes................................. 7
Perform System Backups and Restores............................................... 7
Exam CX-310-203 (Solaris 10 Upgrade Exam).................................................. 7
Summary...................................................................................................... 8
Advice on Taking the Exam............................................................................. 8
Study and Exam Prep Tips........................................................................................ 11
Learning as a Process.................................................................................. 11
Study Tips................................................................................................... 12
Study Strategies.............................................................................. 12
Pretesting Yourself........................................................................... 13
Exam Prep Tips........................................................................................... 13
Putting It All Together....................................................................... 15
Part I: Exam Preparation
chapter one
Managing File Systems............................................................................................ 21
Introduction.................................................................................................. 26
Device Drivers.............................................................................................. 26
Physical Device Name.................................................................................. 27
Device Autoconfiguration............................................................................... 33
USB Devices................................................................................................ 35
Instance Names........................................................................................... 37
Major and Minor Device Numbers................................................................... 40
Logical Device Name.................................................................................... 42
Block and Raw Devices..................................................................... 46
A File System Defined.................................................................................. 48
Defining a Disk’s Geometry........................................................................... 48
Disk Controllers................................................................................ 49
Defect List....................................................................................... 49
Disk Labels...................................................................................... 50
Partition Tables................................................................................ 51
Solaris File System Types............................................................................ 52
Disk-Based File Systems.................................................................. 52
Network-Based File Systems............................................................ 52
Virtual File Systems......................................................................... 53
Disk Slices.................................................................................................. 54
Displaying Disk Configuration Information............................................ 56
Using the format Utility to Create Slices............................................... 58
The Free Hog Slice........................................................................... 66
Using the format Utility to Modify Partitions.......................................... 66
Using the Solaris Management Console Disks Tool............................. 69
Recovering Disk Partition Information.................................................. 74
Logical Volumes............................................................................... 75
Parts of a UFS ............................................................................................ 75
The Root (/) File System............................................................................... 78
Soft (Symbolic) Links........................................................................ 83
Hard Links....................................................................................... 85
Removing a Link............................................................................... 87
Components of the UFS ............................................................................... 87
The Boot Block................................................................................ 88
The Superblock................................................................................ 88
Cylinder Groups............................................................................... 89
The inode......................................................................................... 89
The Storage Block............................................................................ 90
Free Blocks..................................................................................... 90
Creating a UFS ........................................................................................... 90
Understanding Custom File System Parameters............................................. 92
Logical Block Size............................................................................ 93
Fragment Size................................................................................. 93
Minimum Free Space........................................................................ 94
Optimization Type............................................................................ 95
Number of inodes and Bytes per inode............................................... 95
The mkfs Command........................................................................... 95
The fstyp Command.......................................................................... 98
File System Operations................................................................................ 99
Synchronizing a File System............................................................. 99
Repairing File Systems................................................................... 100
The labelit Command........................................................................ 104
The volcopy Command..................................................................... 105
Tuning File Systems................................................................................... 106
Mounting File Systems............................................................................... 108
Mounting a File System with Large Files........................................... 113
Mounting a File System with UFS Logging Enabled........................... 114
Unmounting a File System.......................................................................... 114
The fuser Command........................................................................ 115
/etc/mnttab.......................................................................................... 116
Volume Management.................................................................................. 120
Using Volume Management............................................................. 128
Troubleshooting Volume Manager..................................................... 129
Displaying a File System’s Disk Space Usage.................................. 131
Displaying Directory Size Information................................................ 135
Information on File Systems........................................................................ 136
Controlling User Disk Space Usage.................................................. 138
The quot Command.......................................................................... 139
Summary................................................................................................... 141
Key Terms..................................................................................... 141
Exercises...................................................................................... 142
Exam Questions............................................................................. 147
Answers to Review Questions.......................................................... 163
Suggested Readings and Resources............................................................ 170
chapter two
Installing the Solaris 10 Operating Environment......................................................... 171
Introduction................................................................................................ 174
Installing the Solaris 10 Software.................................................................. 174
Requirements and Preparation for Installing the Solaris 10 Software................ 175
Minimum System Requirements...................................................... 176
Software Terminology.................................................................................. 177
Software Packages......................................................................... 177
Software Groups............................................................................. 177
Solaris Media................................................................................. 179
System Configuration to Be Installed................................................ 179
Disk Storage.............................................................................................. 181
Basic Considerations for Planning Partition (Slice) Sizes.................... 183
Slice Arrangements on Multiple Disks.............................................. 184
Methods of Installing the Solaris 10 Software................................................. 185
Solaris Interactive Installation: Using the GUI..................................... 186
Solaris Interactive Installation: Using the CLI..................................... 186
JumpStart...................................................................................... 187
Custom JumpStart.......................................................................... 187
Solaris Live Upgrade....................................................................... 188
Solaris Flash Archives..................................................................... 189
WAN Boot..................................................................................... 190
Upgrading the Operating System.................................................................. 190
The Solaris Installation Prechecklist............................................................. 191
Secure by Default........................................................................... 194
Using the Interactive Installation Process (install-solaris) on a SPARC-Based System 195
Configuring Power Management....................................................... 224
Tools for Managing Software........................................................................ 225
Adding and Removing Software Packages..................................................... 226
Using a Spool Directory............................................................................... 227
Installing Software from the Command Line....................................... 229
Removing Software Using pkgrm........................................................ 229
Solaris Product Registry.................................................................. 230
Web Start Installer.......................................................................... 233
Listing and Verifying Installed Packages....................................................... 235
Software Patches....................................................................................... 237
Obtaining a Patch....................................................................................... 238
Installing a Patch............................................................................ 240
Removing a Patch........................................................................... 243
Patch Manager (smpatch).............................................................................. 244
Patch Tool................................................................................................. 249
General Guidelines..................................................................................... 251
Summary................................................................................................... 253
Key Terms..................................................................................... 253
Exercises...................................................................................... 254
Exam Questions............................................................................. 258
Answers to Exam Questions........................................................... 264
Suggested Readings and Resources................................................ 266
chapter three
Performing System Boot and Shutdown Procedures for SPARC, x64-, and x86-Based Systems 267
Introduction................................................................................................ 272
Booting a SPARC System........................................................................... 272
Powering on the System................................................................. 273
The Boot PROM and Program Phases.............................................. 273
The OpenBoot Environment......................................................................... 274
Entry-Level to High-End Systems..................................................... 276
Accessing the OpenBoot Environment.............................................. 276
System Console............................................................................. 277
System Control Switch.................................................................... 277
OpenBoot Firmware Tasks.............................................................. 278
The OpenBoot Architecture.......................................................................... 279
The OpenBoot Interface............................................................................... 281
Getting Help in OpenBoot............................................................................ 281
PROM Device Tree (Full Device Pathnames)................................................. 283
OpenBoot Device Aliases................................................................ 287
OpenBoot NVRAM...................................................................................... 289
The nvedit Line Editor....................................................................... 296
OpenBoot Security..................................................................................... 298
OpenBoot Diagnostics................................................................................ 300
Input and Output Control.................................................................. 305
OpenBoot PROM Versions.......................................................................... 307
Booting a SPARC System........................................................................... 307
The boot Command.......................................................................... 309
The BIOS....................................................................................... 319
GRUB............................................................................................ 320
Configuring the Video Display on the x86/x64 Platform....................... 329
The Kernel................................................................................................. 331
The init Phase............................................................................................. 335
The Service Management Facility (SMF)........................................... 337
Using the Run Control Scripts to Stop or Start Services..................... 366
System Shutdown...................................................................................... 370
Commands to Shut Down the System.............................................. 371
Stopping the System for Recovery Purposes: SPARC........................ 375
Stopping the System for Recovery Purposes: x86/x64....................... 377
Turning Off the Power to the Hardware.............................................. 377
Summary................................................................................................... 378
Key Terms..................................................................................... 378
Exercises...................................................................................... 380
Exam Questions............................................................................. 384
Answers to Exam Questions........................................................... 392
Suggested Readings and Resources............................................................ 397
CHAPTER four
User and Security Administration............................................................................. 399
Introduction................................................................................................ 402
Administering User Accounts....................................................................... 402
Managing User and Group Accounts with the SMC............................ 402
Managing User and Group Accounts from the Command Line............. 417
Setting Up Shell Initialization Files............................................................... 425
C Shell Initialization Files................................................................ 425
Bourne Shell Initialization Files........................................................ 426
Korn Shell Initialization Files............................................................ 426
Additional Shells Included with Solaris 10......................................... 426
Default Initialization Files................................................................. 427
Customizing User Initialization Files................................................. 428
The Home Directory........................................................................ 431
Projects......................................................................................... 432
Name Services............................................................................... 432
System Security......................................................................................... 433
Controlling Physical Security........................................................... 434
Controlling System Access............................................................. 434
Controlling File Access................................................................... 443
Access Control Lists (ACLs)........................................................................ 447
Setting ACL Entries........................................................................ 448
Checking the New File Permissions................................................. 450
Verifying ACL Entries...................................................................... 450
Copying a File’s ACL to Another File................................................ 450
Modifying ACL Entries on a File....................................................... 451
Deleting ACL Entries from a File...................................................... 451
Auditing Users................................................................................ 454
Controlling Network Security............................................................ 459
Securing Superuser Access............................................................ 466
The Secure Shell (ssh)................................................................................. 468
ASET 471
Common-Sense Security Techniques........................................................... 473
Summary................................................................................................... 474
Key Terms..................................................................................... 457
Exercises...................................................................................... 475
Exam Questions............................................................................. 480
Answers to Exam Questions........................................................... 489
Suggested Reading and Resources.............................................................. 492
CHAPTER five
Managing System Processes.................................................................................. 493
Introduction................................................................................................ 496
Viewing a Process...................................................................................... 496
pgrep................................................................................................ 500
prstat................................................................................................ 502
mpstat............................................................................................... 506
ptree................................................................................................. 507
time.................................................................................................. 507
Process Manager........................................................................... 508
SMC Process Tool.......................................................................... 511
pargs................................................................................................ 512
svcs................................................................................................. 514
Process Types........................................................................................... 515
Using Signals............................................................................................. 517
Scheduling Processes................................................................................ 521
Scheduling Priorities................................................................................... 522
Changing the Priority of a Time-Sharing Process with nice................... 522
Changing the Scheduling Priority of Processes with priocntl................. 524
Fair Share Scheduler (FSS) and the Fixed Scheduler (FX).................. 525
Using the Solaris Batch-Processing Facility.................................................. 525
Configuring crontab........................................................................... 525
Scheduling a Single System Event (at).............................................. 528
Job Scheduler................................................................................ 531
Summary................................................................................................... 533
Key Terms..................................................................................... 533
Exercises...................................................................................... 534
Exam Questions............................................................................. 535
Answers to Exam Questions........................................................... 539
Suggested Reading and Resources.............................................................. 540
Chapter six
Managing the LP Print Service................................................................................. 541
The Solaris OS Print Service (LP)................................................................. 544
The Solaris Print Service............................................................................. 544
LP Print Service Directories............................................................. 546
The Print Spooler............................................................................ 547
The LP Print Daemons.................................................................... 548
Setting Up the Printer Hardware................................................................... 550
Ethernet Connections...................................................................... 550
Parallel Connections....................................................................... 550
Serial Connections.......................................................................... 550
USB Connections........................................................................... 551
Setting Up a Network Printer ....................................................................... 551
BSD Versus SVR4 Printing Software...
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