Soil Behaviour and Critical State Soil Mechanics Book

	Preface	xi
	Acknowledgements	xv
	List of symbols	xvi
1	Introduction: models and soil mechanics	1
1.1	Use of models in engineering	1
1.2	Soil: volumetric variables	5
1.3	Effective stresses: pore pressures	12
1.4	Soil testing: stress and strain variables	16
1.4.1	Triaxial apparatus	16
1.4.2	Other testing apparatus	28
1.5	Plane strain	31
1.6	Pore pressure parameters	33
1.7	Conclusion	35
	Exercises	35
2	Elasticity	37
2.1	Isotropic elasticity	37
2.2	Soil elasticity	40
2.3	Anisotropic elasticity	46
2.4	The role of elasticity in soil mechanics	52
	Exercises	53
3	Plasticity and yielding	55
3.1	Introduction	55
3.2	Yielding of metal tubes in combined tension and torsion	57
3.3	Yielding of clays	65
3.4	Yielding of sands	76
3.5	Yielding of metals and soils	81
	Exercises	82
4	Elastic-plastic model for soil	84
4.1	Introduction	84
4.2	Elastic volumetric strains	85
4.3	Plastic volumetric strains and plastic hardening	89
4.4	Plastic shear strains	98
4.4.1	Frictional block	99
4.4.2	Plastic potentials	102
4.4.3	Normality or associated flow	103
4.5	General plastic stress: strain relationship	106
4.6	Summary: ingredients of elastic-plastic model	107
	Exercises	109
5	A particular elastic-plastic model: Cam clay	112
5.1	Introduction	112
5.2	Cam clay	113
5.3	Cam clay predictions: conventional drained triaxial compression	118
5.4	Cam clay predictions: conventional undrained triaxial compression	126
5.5	Conclusion	136
	Exercises	137
6	Critical states	139
6.1	Introduction: critical state line	139
6.2	Two-dimensional representations of p':q:v information	144
6.3	Critical states for clays	149
6.4	Critical state line and qualitative soil response	158
6.5	Critical states for sands and other granular materials	162
6.6	Conclusion	173
	Exercises	173
7	Strength of soils	175
7.1	Introduction: Mohr-Coulomb failure	175
7.2	Critical state line and undrained shear strength	179
7.3	Critical state line and pore pressures at failure	186
7.4	Peak strengths	188
7.4.1	Peak strengths for clay	196
7.4.2	Interpretation of peak strength data	205
7.4.3	Peak strengths for sand	207
7.5	Status of stability and collapse calculations	213
7.6	Total and effective stress analyses	215
7.7	Critical state strength and residual strength	219
7.8	Conclusion	224
	Exercises	224
8	Stress-dilatancy	226
8.1	Introduction	226
8.2	Plastic potentials, flow rules, and stress-dilatancy diagrams	226
8.3	Stress-dilatancy in plane strain	229
8.4	Work equations: 'original' Cam clay	236
8.5	Rowe's stress-dilatancy relation	239
8.6	Experimental findings	244
8.7	Strength and dilatancy	250
8.8	Conclusion	251
	Exercises	252
9	Index properties	256
9.1	Introduction	256
9.2	Fall-cone test as index test	257
9.3	Properties of insensitive soils	262
9.4	Background to correlations	277
9.4.1	Liquid limit	277
9.4.2	Plastic limit	280
9.4.3	Plasticity and compressibility; liquidity and strength	282
9.4.4	Liquidity and critical states	285
9.4.5	Liquidity and normal compression	290
9.5	Sensitive soils	296
9.6	Strength and overburden pressure	301
9.7	Conclusion	308
	Exercises	308
10	Stress paths and soil tests	310
10.1	Introduction	310
10.2	Display of stress paths	312
10.3	Axially symmetric stress paths	314
10.3.1	One-dimensional compression of soil	314
10.3.2	One-dimensional unloading of soil	320
10.3.3	Fluctuation of water table	327
10.3.4	Elements on centreline beneath circular load	328
10.4	Plane strain stress paths	330
10.4.1	One-dimensional compression and unloading	330
10.4.2	Elements beneath long embankment	331
10.4.3	Elements adjacent to long excavation	333
10.4.4	Element in long slope	335
10.5	General stress paths	336
10.6	Undrained strength of soil in various tests	337
10.6.1	Modes of undrained deformation	337
10.6.2	Undrained strengths: Cam clay model	342
10.7	Conclusion	351
	Exercises	351
11	Applications of elastic-plastic models	354
11.1	Introduction	354
11.2	Circular load on soft clay foundation	355
11.2.1	Yielding and generation of pore pressure	355
11.2.2	Yielding and immediate settlement	365
11.2.3	Yielding and coefficient of consolidation	369
11.2.4	Yielding and long-term settlement	372
11.3	Finite element analyses of geotechnical problems	376
11.3.1	Inhomogeneities within a triaxial test specimen	377
11.3.2	Centrifuge model of embankment on soft clay	382
11.3.3	Experimental embankment on soft clay at Cubzac-les-Ponts	393
11.4	Conclusion	408
	Exercises	409
12	Beyond the simple models	414
12.1	Introduction: purpose of models	414
12.2	Effects of time	414
12.3	Inelastic elastic response	422
12.4	Evolution of yield loci	434
12.5	Concluding remarks: applicable models	444
	References	448
	Index	459