Societies of Fear Book

	Acknowledgements	ix
	About the Contributors	xi
1	Introduction: Violence and Fear in Latin America	1
	Violence and Nation-building in Latin America	4
	Violence in the Traditional Order	6
	Mass Politics, Political Violence and 'Internal Warfare'	8
	Violence in Post-authoritarian Latin America	11
	Threatening a Peaceful Social Order: Poverty, Informality and Exclusion	12
	Societies of Fear: Their Causes and Consequences	15
	Outline of the Book	19
Part I	The Social, Political and Ethnic Dimensions of Civil War	31
2	Exercises in State Terrorism: the Counter-insurgency Campaigns in Guatemala and Peru	33
	Peru: the Civil War, Shining Path and the Military	34
	Guatemala: the Permanent Low Intensity Warfare	43
	Concluding Remarks	52
Appendix I	National Executives of Peru, 1930-99	55
Appendix II	National Executives of Guatemala, 1930-99	56
3	Reaping the Whirlwind: the Rondas Campesinas and the Defeat of Sendero Luminoso in Ayacucho	63
	The Rural Young and the Peasantry	63
	The Organization of Production	66
	The New Power	67
	Andean vs Senderista Rationality	68
	The Security of the Population	74
	Adaptation-in-resistance	75
	Externalization	75
	Peasant Resistance and the Rondas Campesinas	77
	Blind Spots and the Defeat of Shining Path	80
	Essences in Action	81
	Conceptions of Time and Space	82
	Andean Culture	83
4	'Welcome to the Nightmare': Thoughts on the Faceless Warriors of the Lacandona Revolt of 1994 (Chiapas, Mexico)	88
	Inside and Outside	88
	Voices from the Jungle	90
	Voices from the Mountain	92
	Restoring Order	97
Part II	The Long-term Consequences of Violence, Terror and Fear	103
5	Political Violence in Post-revolutionary Mexico	105
6	The Fear of Indifference: Combatants' Anxieties about the Political Identity of Civilians during Argentina's Dirty War	125
	The Emergence of Political Violence in Argentina	126
	The Structure of Enmity in the 1970s	129
	Enemy, Friend and Indifferent	132
	Undecidables and the Uncanny	135
	Violence and Morality	138
7	From the Banality of Violence to Real Terror: the Case of Colombia	141
	Connecting Types of Violence	142
	Everyday Violence: Individual Careers and the Logic of Protection	147
	The Practices of Terror	152
	Silent Terror	158
	Conclusion	164
Part III	Peaceful Democratic Transitions? Prospects and Problems	169
8	Collective Memories, Fears and Consensus: the Political Psychology of the Chilean Democratic Transition	171
	The Lasting Memories of the Past	173
	The Institutionalization of Fear	176
	Transition to Uncertainty	180
	Fears, Trust and Consensus	185
	Concluding Remarks	191
	Postscript	191
9	Shadows of Violence and Political Transition in Brazil: from Military Rule to Democratic Governance	197
	The Rise and Demise of Military Authoritarianism	198
	The Military and Politics after 1985	212
	Political and Institutional Dimensions of the New Democracy	217
	The Current Threat of Violence	224
	Conclusion	229
10	The Transition under Fire: Rethinking Contemporary Mexican Politics	235
	The Pillars of Mexican Authoritarianism	237
	Authoritarianism and Change	240
	Questioning the Mexican Transition	242
	Elections	244
	Corporatism	248
	The Temporal Horizon	249
	The Universe of Primordial Loyalties	251
	Transition, Violence and Fear	255
	Concluding Remarks	259
11	A Loss of Purpose: Crisis and Transition in Cuba	264
	The Demise of the Revolution	264
	The Mid-1990s Crises	266
	Economic Decline	267
	Dissidence and Repression	268
	The Crisis Within	269
	The Resurgence of 'Race'	272
	The Crisis Within: Pain, Anger and Fear	274
	Habana Vieja	276
	The Regime's Staying Power	277
	Scenarios for a Transition	279
	Fin de Siecle	281
	Postscript	283
12	Epilogue: Notes on Terror, Violence, Fear and Democracy	285
	Democracy is not Irreversible	285
	Violence Has No Starting Point in History	286
	The Ubiquity of Violence	287
	State Terrorism	289
	The Trivialization of Horror	291
	Transition with Fear	294
	Democracy and Power without Violence	295
	Bibliography	301
	Index	328