Six Ideas That Shaped Physics: Unit E Electric and Magnetic Fields Are Unified Book

Preface     ix
About the Author     xv
Introduction for Students     xvi
Basic Electrostatics     2
Chapter Overview     2
Introduction to the Unit     4
What is the Nature of Charge?     5
How Objects Become Charged     7
Conservation of Charge     9
Coulomb's Law     10
Conductors and Insulators     14
The Mystery du Jour     15
Two-Minute Problems     16
Homework Problems     17
Answers to Exercises     19
Electric Fields     20
Chapter Overview     20
The Field Concept     22
An Operational Definition of the Electric Field     23
The Electric Field of a Single Charged Particle     25
The Superposition Principle     27
The Electric Field of a Dipole     29
Electrostatic Polarization     30
The Mystery du Jour     34
Two-Minute Problems     35
Homework Problems     36
Answers to Exercises     39
Continuous Charge Distributions     40
Chapter Overview     40
Handling ChargeDistributions     42
Symmetry Arguments     45
The Electric Field of a Spherical Shell     48
The Electric Field of a Circular Plate     49
The Electric Field of Parallel Flat Plates     51
The Electric Field is a Form of Energy     53
The Mystery du Jour     54
Two-Minute Problems     55
Homework Problems     56
Answers to Exercises     59
Electric Potential     60
Chapter Overview     60
Electric Potential     62
Calculating [phiv] from E     64
Calculating E from [phiv]     67
Static Charges on Conductors     70
Capacitance     71
The Parallel-Plate Capacitor     73
The Mystery du Jour     74
Two-Minute Problems     75
Homework Problems     76
Answers to Exercises     79
Currents     80
Chapter Overview     80
A Model of Current Flow     82
Quantifying Current Flow     86
Surface Charges Direct the Flow     88
Resistance     90
The Power Dissipated in a Conductor     92
Discharging a Capacitor      93
The Mystery du Jour     94
Two-Minute Problems     95
Homework Problems     96
Answers to Self-Tests     99
Circuits     100
Chapter Overview     100
An Idealized Model of a Battery     102
Batteries in Series     105
Resistors in Series     106
Notation Conventions and Circuit Diagrams     110
Circuit Elements in Parallel     112
Analyzing Complex Circuits     114
The Mystery du Jour     116
Two-Minute Problems     117
Homework Problems     118
Answers to Self-Tests     121
Magnetic Fields     122
Chapter Overview     122
The Phenomenon of Magnetism     124
The Definition of the Magnetic Field Direction     124
The Magnetic Force on Moving Charges     126
A Review of the Cross Product     128
The Definition of the Magnetic Field Magnitude     129
A Free Particle in a Magnetic Field     132
The Mystery du Jour     135
Two-Minute Problems     137
Homework Problems     138
Answers to Self-Tests      141
Currents Respond to Magnetic Fields     142
Chapter Overview     142
The Magnetic Force on a Wire     144
The Magnetic Torque on a Loop     145
Electric Motors     148
Creating Currents in Moving Loops     151
Eddy Currents in Moving Conductors     153
The Mystery du Jour     155
Two-Minute Problems     156
Homework Problems     157
Answers to Self-Tests     160
Currents Create Magnetic Fields     162
Chapter Overview     162
The Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge     164
The Magnetic Field of a Wire Segment     167
The Magnetic Field of a Long, Straight Wire     169
The Magnetic Field of a Circular Loop     170
All Magnets Involve Circulating Charges     171
Magnetic Symmetry Arguments     174
The Mystery du Jour     177
Two-Minute Problems     178
Homework Problems     179
Answers to Self-Tests     183
Gauss's Law     184
Chapter Overview     184
What is a Field Equation?     186
The Divergence of an Electric Field     187
The Divergence in Terms of Tile Vectors     188
The Divergence as a Derivative     192
Gauss's Law     193
Gauss's Law for the Magnetic Field     196
The Mystery du Jour     197
Two-Minute Problems     198
Homework Problems     198
Answers to Self-Tests     199
Ampere's Law     200
Chapter Overview     200
The Curl of a Magnetic Field     202
The Curl in Terms of Edge Vectors     203
The Curl as a Derivative     206
Ampere's Law     207
The Curl of an Electric Field     210
The Mystery du Jour     212
Two-Minute Problems     213
Homework Problems     213
Answers to Self-Tests     215
Calculating Fields     216
Chapter Overview     216
Integrating Gauss's Law     218
Using the Integral Form of Gauss's Law     220
The Shell Theorem     221
Integrating Ampere's Law     223
Using the Integral From of Ampere's Law     226
The Field of an Axial Current Distribution     226
The Mystery du Jour     228
Two-Minute Problems      229
Homework Problems     230
Answers to Self-Tests     231
Maxwell's Equations     234
Chapter Overview     234
A Loop at Rest in a Varying Magnetic Field     236
Relativity and the Electromagnetic Field     237
How the Fields Transform     240
Faraday's Law     242
The Ampere-Maxwell Relation     244
Maxwell's Equations     247
Two-Minute Problems     249
Homework Problems     250
Answers to Self-Tests     251
Induction     252
Chapter Overview     252
Magnetic Flux and Induced EMF     254
Lenz's Law     256
Self-Induction     258
"Discharging" an Inductor     260
The Energy in a Magnetic Field     261
Transformers     263
Two-Minute Problems     266
Homework Problems     267
Answers to Self-Tests     269
Introduction to Waves     270
Chapter Overview     270
What is a Wave?     272
A Sinusoidal Wave     274
The Phase Velocity of a Wave     277
The Wave Equation      279
The Mystery du Jour     284
Two-Minute Problems     285
Homework Problems     286
Answers to Self-Tests     289
Electromagnetic Waves     290
Chapter Overview     290
Electromagnetic Waves     292
(omitted)     295
The Energy in an Electromagnetic Wave     296
The Power Radiated by a Charge     297
Why the Sky is Blue     299
Maxwell's Rainbow     300
Two-Minute Problems     303
Homework Problems     304
Answers to Self-Tests     306
Glossary     307
Index     317