Sensory Transduction Book

Ch. 1	The Senses	1
	Early Studies of the Anatomy of the Sense Organs	2
	The Physiology of Sensation	5
	Cracking the Problem: Molecular Physiology	9
	The Revolution of Molecular Biology	11
	The Code Deciphered: Sensory Transduction	16
Ch. 2	Mechanisms of Sensation	19
	Sensory Membrane	21
	Organization of Membrane and Sensory Protein	24
	Membrane Renewal	26
	External Specializations	29
	Detection of the Stimulus	34
	Primary and Secondary Receptor Cells	35
	Sensitivity of Transduction	37
	Noise	39
	Sex Pheromone Detection in the Male Moth	39
Ch. 3	Channels and Electrical Signals	43
	Structure and Function of Ion Channels	43
	The Structure of the Pore	45
	Gating	46
	Ionotropic Receptor Molecules	48
	Membrane Potentials	51
	The Nernst Equation	52
	Ion Homeostasis	55
	The Goldman Voltage Equation	57
	Driving Force and Voltage Change	58
	The Voltage Response of Hair Cells	59
	The Technique of Voltage Champing	60
	Voltage Clamping the Hair Cell	63
	Ion Selectivity	66
Ch. 4	Metabotropic Signal Transduction	69
	G Protein-Coupled Receptors	72
	Heterotrimeric G Proteins	75
	Effector Molecules	77
	Second Messengers	80
	Calcium and NO	82
	Channels Gated by Second Messengers	84
	A Metabotropic Sensory Receptor	87
Ch. 5	Mechanoreceptors and Touch	93
	Mechanoreception in Paramecium	93
	Transduction of Touch in the Roundworm Caenorhabditis Elegans	96
	Crayfish Stretch Receptor	101
	Insect Mechanoreceptors	107
	Mechanoreceptors and Touch in Mammals	111
	Molecular Biology of Mechanoreception in Mammals	115
Ch. 6	Hair Cells and the Detection of Movement and Sound	119
	Tip Links	123
	The Channels	126
	Gating and Bundle Stiffness	129
	Adaptation of Hair Cells	134
	Modulation of Sensitivity	138
	Organs of the Lateral Line	140
	The Vestibular System	142
	The Cochlea	146
	Endolymph and Endocochlear Potential	149
	Outer Hair Cells and Tuning	151
	Electrical Resonance	154
Ch. 7	Chemoreception and the Sense of Smell	159
	Chemotaxis	159
	Olfaction in Insects	164
	Receptor Proteins and Coding in Insects	167
	Olfaction in Vertebrates: The Nasal Epithelium	169
	Olfactory Receptor Proteins	171
	The Mechanism of Transduction in Vertebrates	172
	Desensitization and Adaptation	178
	Olfactory Coding	181
	The Olfactory Bulb	182
	Alternative Mechanisms of Transduction	184
	Vomeronasal Organ	185
Ch. 8	Taste	191
	Gustation in Insects	193
	Mammals: Taste Buds and the Tongue	197
	The Transduction of Taste	199
	Bitter	202
	Sweet	203
	Umami	205
	Salty	206
	Sour	209
Ch. 9	Photoreception	215
	Photopigment Activation	217
	Phototransduction	219
	The Photoreceptors of Arthropods	222
	Transduction in Arthropods	226
	Photoreceptor Channels in Arthropods	230
	The Role of Ca[superscript 2+] in the Regulation of Gain and Turn-Off	234
	Vertebrate Rods and Cones	237
	Transduction in Vertebrate Photoreceptors	239
	Ion Channels of Rods and Cones	242
	The Photocurrent	244
	Shutting Down the Light Response	248
	Light Adaptation	253
	Pigment Renewal and the Recovery of Sensitivity after Bright Light	256
Ch. 10	Extra Sensory Receptors	261
	Thermoreception	262
	Seeing in the Dark: Heat Receptors as Detectors of Infrared	267
	Electroreception	271
	Tuberous Receptors and Electrolocation	277
	Magnetoreception	282
	References	291
	Index	329