Repair and Redesign of Physiological Systems, Vol. 9 Book

Vascular reconstruction: CFD predictions of bypass graft haemodynamics 1

1 Introduction 1

2 Conventional femorodistal bypass 3

3 Anastomotic angle 8

4 Graft/artery diameter ratio 10

5 Taylor patch 12

6 Cuffed anastomoses 15

7 Conclusions 19

Clinical applications of Physiome Project models 25

1 Introduction 25

2 Modelling the gastro-oesophageal junction 26

3 Modelling musculo-skeletal system mechanics 30

4 Modelling the lymphatic system and melanoma 35

5 Interpretation of cardiac ultrasound measurements with physiome models 39

6 Summary 43

Computational modelling of left ventricular haemodynamics based on magnetic resonance imaging data 47

1 Introduction 47

2 Methods 49

3 Results 54

4 Discussion 58

5 Conclusions 61

A mathematical model of left ventricular contraction and its application in heart disease 65

1 Introduction 65

2 The hypotheses 71

3 Methods 71

4 Results 73

5 Conclusions 77

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy for heart failure 87

1 Introduction 87

2 Basic concepts and techniques 88

3 Conventional pacing and cardiac resynchronisation therapy 93

4 Dyssynchrony 94

5 The theoretical basis for CRT 98

6 The evidence for dual-chamber pacemakers and CRT in heart failure 100

7 Echocardiographic measures of dyssynchrony and response to CRT 104

8 Other reasons for non-response 104

9 Conclusions 105

Ventricular assist devices 111

1 Introduction 111

2 Intra aortic balloon pump 113

3 Flexible diaphragm pumps 128

4 General conclusions 137

Computational fluid dynamics in the investigation and treatment of nasal obstruction 141

1 Introduction 141

2 Overview of nasal anatomy and physiology 143

3Literature review 147

4 Methodology and methodological considerations 153

5 Numerically predicted nasal airflow characteristics 163

6 Virtual nasal surgery 168

7 Discussion 169

8 Conclusions 174

Review of dental repair concepts and methods 179

1 Introduction 179

2 Dealing with tooth decay 180

3 Restoration of teeth 183

4 Others forms of loss of tooth substance 189

5 Tooth replacement 190

6 Cosmetic dentistry 191

7 Repair concepts and philosophy 192

Biomechanical aspects in dental replacements 197

1 Introduction 197

2 Various kinds of tooth replacements 205

3 Jaw solid modelling 219

4 Various methods of stress analysis 225

5 Stress analysis results 232

6 Biological aspects 236

Needle-free immunotherapeutics delivered to the skin 245

1 Introduction 245

2 The importance of targeting skin and mucosal cells 246

3 Engineering of physical approaches for the targeting of skin and mucosal cells 246

4 Biolistics micro-particle delivery 250

Clinical Summary 267

Index 271