Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment Book

	Preface
	List of Authors
	List of Abbreviations
1	Setting the Scene	1
1.1	The Relevance of Reference Materials - Isolation and General Characterization	1
1.2	Element Determination and Its Quality Control in Fractions of Refractory Organic Substances and the Corresponding Original Water Samples	39
2	Structural Investigations	55
2.1	Heavy Metal and Halogen Interactions with Fractions of Refractory Organic Substances Separated by Size-exclusion Chromatography	55
2.2	Characterization of Refractory Organic Substances and their Metal Species by Combined Analytical Procedures	73
2.3	Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Structural Investigations of Refractory Organic Substances - Principles and Definitions	89
2.4	Structural Characterization of Refractory Organic Substances by Solid-state High-resolution [superscript 13]C and [superscript 15]N Nuclear Magnetic Resonance	96
2.5	Quantification of Substructures of Refractory Organic Substances by Means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance	115
2.6	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Investigations of Silylated Refractory Organic Substances	129
2.7	Isotopic Evidence for the Origin and Formation of Refractory Organic Substances	146
2.8	Analytical Pyrolysis of Humic Substances and Dissolved Organic Matter in Water	163
2.9	Characterization of Refractory Organic Substances by HPLC/MS	188
2.10	UV-Visible Spectroscopy and the Potential of Fluorescent Probes	200
2.11	Stationary and Time-resolved Fluorescence for Refractory Organic Substances Characterization	215
2.12	Structural Characterization of Refractory Organic Substances by Pyrolysis GC/FTIR	232
2.13	X-ray Microscopy Studies of Refractory Organic Substances	239
2.14	Fractionation of Refractory Organic Substances by Electrophoresis	249
2.15	Occurrence of Amino Acids, Carbohydrates, and Low-molecular weight Organic Acids in Refractory Organic Substances	264
2.16	Serological Characterization of Refractory Organic Substances by Serotyping	282
2.17	Chemical and Spectroscopic Data of the Reference Samples - Comparison and Evaluation	302
3	Biochemical and Biological Characterization	311
3.1	Formation, Utilization, and Transformation of Some Refractory Organic Substances by Aquatic Microorganisms	311
3.2	Effect of Microorganisms on the Formation and Transformation of Iodine Species of Refractory Organic Substances	321
3.3	The Influence of Refractory Organic Substances on Bacterial Colonization and Diversity Patterns	330
3.4	Influence of Refractory Organic Substances on Enzyme Activity in-vivo and DNA Damage of Aquatic Microorganisms	346
3.5	Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter on the Bioconcentration of Organic Contaminants and on Reproduction in Aquatic Invertebrates	361
4	Molecular Interactions	383
4.1	Sorption of Dissolved Organic Matter on Soil Particles and its Dependence on their Surface-charge Properties	383
4.2	Dissolved Organic Carbon in Seepage Water - Production and Transformation During Soil Passage	394
4.3	Refractory Organic Substances in Aggregated Forest Soils - Retention versus Translocation	411
4.4	Refractory Organic Substances Derived from Organic Amendments in Soil - Formation, Translocation, and Interaction with Xenobiotics	435
4.5	Analysis of the Binding of Amitrole and Anilazine to Aquatic and Terrestrial Refractory Organic Substances	446
4.6	Sorption and Chemical Reactions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Dissolved Refractory Organic Substances and Related Model Polymers	475
4.7	Investigation of the Interactions between polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Refractory Organic Substances with Stationary and Time-resolved Fluorescence and Absorption Spectroscopy	516
	Index	535
	Author index	545