Reasoning Processes in Humans and Computers: Theory and Research in Psychology and Artificial Intelligence Book

	Tables and Figures
	Preface
1	Human Reasoning and Reasoning Systems	1
	Deductive Reasoning	1
	Experimental Modification of Fallacious Reasoning	7
	Natural Reasoning and Human Intellect	29
	Reasoning and a General Theory of Intelligence	34
	Rationality and Psychological Research	35
	Deductive Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence	40
	Inductive Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence	46
	Probabilistic Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence	47
	Types of Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence	48
	Commonsense Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence	50
2	Plausible Reasoning	51
	Theory of Plausible Reasoning	51
3	Abstract Rules and Reasoning	69
	The Use of Abstract Rules in Human Reasoning	69
4	Causal Reasoning	85
	Reasoning about Causes and Enabling Conditions	85
5	Logical Reasoning and Belief-Bias Effects	97
	Belief-Bias and Logical Reasoning	97
6	Inductive Reasoning	107
	Symbolic Induction and Discovery of the Causes of Scurvy	107
	The CHARADE System and Hypotheses about Scurvy	110
	Experiments in Inductive Discovery	113
7	Bayesian Reasoning	125
	The Mathematical Law of Natural Selection and Bayesian Frequencies	125
	Bayesian Inference and Frequency Representation	126
	Ecological and Evolutionary Approaches to Bayesian Reasoning	144
8	Syllogistic Reasoning	151
	Syllogistic Reasoning and Modes of Representation	151
9	Commonsense Reasoning	195
	The Robust Theory of Commonsense Reasoning	195
10	Temporal Reasoning	215
	Concepts and Methods of Temporal Abstraction	216
	The RESUME System	218
11	Similarity-Based Reasoning	225
	The Similarity Assumption in Reasoning	225
	Critique of the Similarity Assumption in Case-Based Reasoning	227
	The Deja Vu System	231
	Experiments with the Deja Vu System	237
	Implications of Adaptation-Guided Retrieval	246
App. A	The n-Factor Problem	251
App. B	Adaptation Knowledge	257
App. C	Plant-Control Models	263
	Bibliography	265
	Author Index	287
	Subject Index	293