Radiographic Image Production and Manipulation Book

	Preface	xi
	Acknowledgments	xiii
1	Production and Properties of the X-ray Beam	1
	The x-ray tube	2
	Production of the x-ray beam	10
	X-ray beam properties	13
	Filtration of the x-ray beam	17
	Restriction/Limitation of the x-ray beam	20
	X-ray interactions	27
2	Cassettes	39
	Conventional radiography cassettes	40
	Computed radiography cassettes	51
	Care of cassettes	52
	Problems encountered with cassettes	53
3	Screens	61
	Screen function	62
	Screen construction	64
	Screen speed	66
	Screen maintenance	75
4	Radiographic Film	83
	Film function	84
	Radiographic film construction	85
	Types of medical imaging film	90
	Latent image formation	96
	Manifest image	98
	Characteristics of radiographic film	99
	Radiographic film storage and handling	110
5	Radiographic Film Processing	119
	The processing area	120
	The viewing area	130
	Film processing	134
	The automatic processor	139
	Processing rates	147
	Daylight automatic processors	148
	Processor maintenance	150
	Processor malfunction	151
	Silver recovery	155
6	Image Quality: The Photographic Factors	167
	Photographic factors	168
	Summary of photographic factors affecting image quality	205
7	Image Quality: The Geometric Factors	213
	Recorded detail	214
	Distortion	228
	Summary of radiographic factors and their effects on recorded detail and distortion	235
8	Radiographic Grids	243
	Purpose and application of radiographic grids	244
	Grid construction	245
	Grid efficiency	253
	Faulty use of grids	255
	Grid artifacts	261
	Alternative to grid use: The air-gap technique	263
9	Automatic Exposure Control	273
	Automatic exposure control unit designs	274
	Factors influencing automatic exposure control	277
	Problems encountered with automatic exposure control	289
	Anatomically programmed radiography	292
10	Technique Charts, Technique Compensation, and Multiple-Factor Technique Problems	297
	Purpose of technique charts	298
	Technique chart types	299
	Technique chart development	301
	Technique compensation	302
	Multiple-factor technique problems	305
11	Digital Projection Radiography and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems	319
	Computed radiography and digital radiography	321
	Digital image quality	335
	Computed radiography readout parameters	340
	Digital image post-processing	341
	Digital image artifacts	352
	Practical considerations in digital image display	358
	Laser printers	359
	Computed radiography clinical implementation issues	362
	Quality control and maintenance	365
	Picture archiving and communication system	365
Appendix A	Answers to chapter questions	379
Appendix B	Tips for exercises in critical thinking	383
Appendix C	Answers to questions students often ask	387
	Bibliography	391
	Index	395