Primer for Law and Policy Design: Understanding the Use of Principle and Argument in Environment and Natural Resource Law Book

Preface     iii
Acknowledgements     vii
Glossary     ix
Table of Cases     xxi
List of Insight Boxes     xxvii
Policy Design for Environmental Law     1
Sources of Environmental & Natural Resources Law     24
Standing: The Intersection of the Constitution, Statutory Law, Administrative Regulation & Common Law     26
The Right to Sue Under an Enabling or Regulatory Statute     27
The Right to Sue Under the APA     28
The Injury-In-Fact Requirement     29
Ripeness     30
Mootness     33
The "Case and Controversy" Language of the Constitution     34
Cases     36
Sierra Club v. Rogers C. B. Morton     36
Notes & Questions     45
Manuel Lujan, Jr. v. National Wildlife Federation     45
Notes & Questions     56
Manuel Lujan, Jr. v. Defenders of Wildlife     57
Notes & Questions     73
Exercise: Law From Scratch     74
The Common Law     74
Public Trust & Equitable Apportionment Doctrines     75
Nuisance     77
State of Missouri v. State of Illinois     78
Notes & Questions     83
Oscar H. Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Company, Inc.     83
Notes & Questions     89
Exercise: Law From Scratch     90
Legislative Statutes & Administrative Regulation     90
Ripeness, Finality, and Exhaustion     94
The Exhaustion Doctrine     94
The Proper Forum Issue and Primary Jurisdiction     96
Exhaustion v. Primary Jurisdiction     97
The Final Order Rule & the Merits of the Case     98
Standard I: Ultra Vires Agency Actions     100
Standard II: Arbitrary and Capricious Agency Action     101
Standard III: Judicial Review of Administrative Procedures     104
Remedies     105
Cases     106
United States of America v. Nova Scotia Food Products Corp.     107
Notes & Questions     113
Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.     113
Notes & Questions     120
Exercise: Law From Scratch     121
Constitutional Law     121
The Supremacy Clause     122
The 10th Amendment     123
The Commerce Clause     124
The 5th Amendment: Taking and Due Process     127
The 14th Amendment: Equal Protection     133
The Contract Clause     134
The Delegation of Power Clause     135
The Treaty Clause     136
Cases     139
Tanner v. ARMCO Steel Corporation     140
Notes & Questions     147
Trustee for the People of the Commonwealth v. National Gettysburg Battlefield Tower, Inc.     147
Notes & Questions     154
Exercise: Law From Scratch     155
Conclusion: Legal Sources as Instruments of Policy Design     155
The Market Approach to the Natural World: A Template for Legal Argument     157
A Template for Policy Design Paradigms     158
Template-Stage I: Fundamental Assumptions     158
The Individual     158
Community and Collective Action     159
The Legitimate/Just State     162
Template-Stage II: Operating Principles and Material Conditions     163
Operating Principles     164
Material Conditions     165
Template-Stage III: Maxims and Methods of Application     166
Maxims     166
Methods     167
A Context Model for the Market Paradigm     171
Model Components, Priorities, and Construction of the Traditional Sector Approach      173
Applications of TSA: Moving from Strategy to Tactics     180
Efficient Natural Resource Law & Policy     182
Mining     183
Grazing     184
Timber     193
Conclusion     201
An Ecosystem Approach to Environmental & Resource Law: Alternative I     202
Sustainability v. Ecosystem Integrity: The Case of the United States Forest Service     203
Sustainability & the Ecosystem Approach     207
The Relationship Between Principle & Policy     211
Sustainability as Efficiency     213
The Need for a New Core Principle: Preservation of Ecosystem Integrity     216
An Ecosystem Paradigm & Context Model: Moving Beyond Market Assumptions     222
Template-Stage I: Fundamental Assumptions-Ecosystems, Individuals & Nature     225
Individual     225
Collective Action     226
The Role of the State     228
Template-Stage II: Principles & Material Conditions     229
Operating Principles     229
Material Conditions     229
Template-Stage III: Maxims & Methods     230
Maxims     230
Methods     230
Our Kantian Duties to Nature      232
Kantian Conservationism     233
Kantian Preservationism     239
Kant's Imperative for Policy Design & Environmental Law     245
The Resources-to-Recovery Context Model     251
Toward an Ecosystem Context Model     251
A Resources-to-Recovery Framework for Ecosystem Argument     254
Ecosystem Integrity and the Extraction Decision: The Applied Cases of Wilderness & Wildlife     259
Integrity, Efficiency and the National Wildlife Refuge     260
Preservation, Conservation, and Legal Wilderness     267
Integrity, Ecosystem Argument, and Preservation     273
Conclusion     277
An Ecosystem Approach to Environmental & Resource Law: Alternative II     279
Conventional Law & Policy Analysis for the Environment     280
The Cost-Benefit Method & Market-Based Valuation Techniques     281
The Justification & Treatment of Environmental Value     283
Values, Reasons, & Principles in Law & Policy Choice     284
The Distributional Consequences of Kaldor Efficiency     286
Ecological Value & Uninformed Preferences     288
Toward Ideal-Regarding Environmental Evaluation     292
Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach as a Basis for Ideal-Regarding Evaluation     293
A Capabilities Paradigm and Context Model     300
Template-Stage I: Fundamental Assumptions     300
The Individual and Nature     301
Collective Interests and Action     303
The Role of the State     304
Template-Stage II: Principles and Material Conditions     306
Operating Principle     306
Material Conditions     308
Template-Stage III: Maxims and Methods     310
Maxims     310
Methods     311
An Ecosystem Health Context Model     312
Valuation of Water Pollution Control Policy: The Legal and Administrative Context     316
EPA's Benefits Analysis of Effluent Emissions Guidelines     318
Valuation of Water Quality     319
Toward a More Adequate Ideal-Regarding Valuation of Water Quality     326
Conclusion     331
Conclusion: A Logic of Argument for Law & Policy Design     333
Core Question     335
Point of Departure From the Reading     335
Thesis     336
Logical Entailments     338
Evidence     339
Exercise I     341
Conclusion     341
Exercise II     341
Exercise III      341
Law, Efficiency & Cost-Benefit Methods     346
Index     355