Practitioner's Guide to Using Research for Evidence-Based Practice Book

Preface     xiii
Acknowledgments     xix
Overview of Evidence-Based Practice
Introduction to Evidence-Based Practice     3
Emergence of Evidence-Based Practice     5
Defining Evidence-Based Practice     6
Evidence-Based Practice Is Not Restricted to Clinical Decisions     11
Developing an Evidence-Based Practice Process Outlook     11
Easier Said than Done     15
Key Chapter Concepts     16
Review Exercises     17
Additional Readings     18
Steps in the EBP Process     19
Question Formulation     19
Evidence Search     20
An Internet Search Using Google Scholar and PsycINFO     23
Critically Appraising Studies and Reviews     27
Selecting and Implementing the Intervention     28
The Importance of Practice Context: A Policy Example     29
Monitor Client Progress     32
Feasibility Constraints     32
Key Chapter Concepts     35
Review Exercises     36
Additional Readings     37
Research Hierarchies     38
More Than One Type of Hierarchy for More than One Type of EBP Question     39
Qualitative andQuantitative Studies     41
Types of EBP Questions     42
Key Chapter Concepts     56
Review Exercises     57
Additional Readings     58
Critically Appraising Studies for EBP Questions about Intervention Effectiveness
Criteria for Inferring Effectiveness     61
Internal Validity     62
Measurement Issues     68
Statistical Chance     72
External Validity     78
Synopses of Research Studies     80
Key Chapter Concepts     82
Review Exercises     83
Additional Readings     84
Critically Appraising Experiments     85
Classic Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design     86
Posttest-Only Control Group Design     89
Solomon Four-Group Design     90
Alternative Treatment Designs     92
Dismantling Designs     93
Placebo Control Group Designs     94
Experimental Demand and Experimenter Expectancies     96
Obtrusive versus Unobtrusive Observation     98
Compensatory Equalization and Compensatory Rivalry     98
Resentful Demoralization     99
Treatment Diffusion     99
Treatment Fidelity      101
Practitioner Equivalence     101
Differential Attrition     103
Synopses of Research Studies     105
Key Chapter Concepts     107
Review Exercises     108
Additional Readings     109
Critically Appraising Quasi-Experiments: Nonequivalent Comparison Groups Designs     110
Nonequivalent Comparison Groups Designs     111
Additional Logical Arrangements to Control for Potential Selectivity Biases     113
Statistical Controls for Potential Selectivity Biases     118
Pilot Studies     123
Synopses of Research Studies     126
Key Chapter Concepts     128
Review Exercises     128
Additional Readings     129
Critically Appraising Quasi-Experiments: Time-Series Designs and Single-Case Designs     130
Simple Time-Series Designs     131
Multiple Time-Series Designs     134
Single-Case Designs     135
Synopses of Research Studies     144
Key Chapter Concepts     148
Review Exercises     149
Additional Reading     150
Critically Appraising Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses     151
Advantages of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses     152
Risks in Relying Exclusively on Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses     154
Where to Start     154
What to Look for When Critically Appraising Systematic Reviews     155
What Distinguishes a Systematic Review from Other Types of Reviews?     161
What to Look for When Critically Appraising Meta-Analyses     162
Synopses of Research Studies     174
Key Chapter Concepts     176
Review Exercises     178
Additional Readings     178
Critically Appraising Studies for Alternative EBP Questions
Critically Appraising Nonexperimental Quantitative Studies     181
Surveys     182
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies     193
Case-Control Studies     195
Synopses of Research Studies     197
Key Chapter Concepts     201
Review Exercises     203
Additional Readings     203
Critically Appraising Qualitative Studies     204
Qualitative Observation     205
Qualitative Interviewing     208
Qualitative Sampling     211
Grounded Theory     212
Frameworks for Appraising Qualitative Studies     213
Synopses of Research Studies      218
Key Chapter Concepts     223
Review Exercises     227
Additional Readings     228
Assessing Clients and Monitoring Their Progress
Critically Appraising and Selecting Assessment Instruments     231
Reliability     232
Validity     236
Sensitivity     241
Feasibility     244
Sample Characteristics     245
Locating Assessment Instruments     246
Synopses of Research Studies     248
Key Chapter Concepts     250
Review Exercises     252
Additional Readings     252
Monitoring Client Progress     253
A Practitioner-Friendly Design     255
Feasible Assessment Techniques     258
Summary     268
Looking Ahead     270
Key Chapter Concepts     272
Review Exercises     273
Additional Reading     273
Critical Appraisals of Study Synopses at the End of Chapter 4     274
Critical Appraisals of Study Synopses at the End of Chapter 5     277
Critical Appraisals of Study Synopses at the End of Chapter 6     280
Critical Appraisals of Study Synopses at the End of Chapter 7      283
Critical Appraisals of Study Synopses at the End of Chapter 8     285
Critical Appraisals of Study Synopses at the End of Chapter 9     288
Critical Appraisals of Study Synopses at the End of Chapter 10     292
Critical Appraisals of Study Synopses at the End of Chapter 11     295
Glossary     299
References     313
Index     319