Practical Radiography for Veterinary Nurses Book

Acknowledgements Foreword Preface
1 Essential mathematics and physics Introduction Matter, energy, power and heat Units and prefixes used in radiography Radiological units Useful mathematics Proportions and the inverse square law Review questions
2The principles of physics used in radiography Introduction Electrostatics [en] the electric charge Conductors and insulators Electricity Measuring electricity Types of current Laws of an electric current Resistance Making a circuit [en] the options Magnetism The function and composition of a magnet Magnetic laws Electromagnetism [en] electricity and magnetism in union Laws of electromagnetic induction Revision points Revision questions
3 Inside the atom Introduction Atoms, elements and other definitions The "make-up" of an atom Shells and energy The periodic table Radioactivity The effects of an electron changing orbits Photons and their movement Frequency and wavelength The electromagnetic spectrum Properties of ionizing radiation Revision points Revision questions
4 The construction of an X-ray unit Introduction The X-ray circuit What is seen from the outside?
Hight voltage generators Rectification Mains supply switch Primary circuit Operating console Transformers Filament circuit [en] control of the mA High-tension circuit [en] provision of kV Making an exposure [en] switches, timers and interlocks Types of X-ray machines Power rating Revision points Revision questions
5 The production of X-rays Introduction The cathode The anode The X-ray tube How X-rays are made How to look after your X-ray tube Rating your X-ray tube Revision points Revision questions
6 The properties of X-rays Introduction Characteristic and bremsstrahlung radiation X-ray emission spectrum Altering the emission spectrum X-ray quantity X-ray quality The effect on the X-ray beam of striking another atom Absorption Attenuation Revision points Revision questions
7 Intensifying screens and cassettes Introduction The construction of intensifying screens Luminescence Film-screen combinations Film-screen contact Care of intensifying screens Construction of cassettes Care and use of cassettes Revision points Revision questions
8 Radiographic film Introduction Film construction Types of film Care and storage of films Formation of the latent image Film sensitivity Duplication film Revision points Revision questions
9 Forming the visible image Introduction The steps of processing Developing Fixing Washing Drying Developer solution Fixer solution Control of substances hazardous to health guidelines Revision points Revision questions
10 The production of a visible image Introduction Manual processing Parts of the automatic processor Replenishment Silver recovery The darkroom Other methods of processing Viewing the radiograph Revision points Revision questions
11 Control of the primary beam and scatter Introduction Cones Diaphragms Radiation safety and the use of cones and diaphragms Light beam diaphragm Factors affecting scattered radiation Function of grids Construction of a grid Types of grid Choosing a grid Problems with using a grid Air gap technique Revision points Revision questions
12 Radiographic image quality Introduction Sensitometry Characteristic curve Latitude Density Contrast Effects generated by the X-ray tube Magnification Distortion Movement Altering exposure factors Producing a high quality radioraph Commonly seen film faults Revision points Revision questions
13 Alternative imaging techniques Introduction Tomography Fluoroscopy Digital imaging Computerized tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Ultrasound Nuclear scintigraphy Revision points Revision questions
14 Radiation protection Introduction The effects of ionizing radiation on the body Types of effect The basics to remember Ionizing radiation (medical exposure) regulations Radiation safety in the veterinary practice Classifying the areas around an X-ray machine Dose limits Monitoring devices Lead shielding Quality assurance Revision points Revision questions
15 Contrast media Introduction Negative contrast medium Positive contrast medium Contrast examination procedures Gastrointestinal tract investigation Genito-urinary tract Myelography Other contrast examinations Revision points Revision questions
16 Radiography techniques Introduction General principles Restraint Positioning aids Markers and legends Assessing the radiograph Terminology British Veterinary Association/Kennel Club hip dysplasia and elbow scoring scheme Positioning outlines [en] small animals Positioning protocols [en] large animals (horses and cattle)
Reading list Index