Pop Culture India!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle Book

	Preface	xi
	Chronology	xiii
1	Introduction	1
	The Position of English	2
	Political and Economic Development	3
	The Indian Underworld	8
	The Focus of This Volume	10
	Women and Minorities	12
	Dalits	12
	Gay Culture	15
2	Music	16
	History of the Music Industry	16
	The Early Years	17
	The Cassette Revolution	18
	The Satellite Revolution	20
	Popular Music in India Today	22
	Film Music	22
	Nonfilm Pop Music	24
	Bhangra	24
	Ghazals	24
	Indipop	26
	Devotional Music	27
	International Music	29
	Issues	29
	The Growth of Piracy	29
	Links with Organized Crime	33
	Conclusion	33
	A to Z Index	33
	Bibliography and References	36
3	Theater	38
	Sanskrit Theater	39
	Traditional Theaters	41
	Ram Lila and Ras Lila	42
	Chavittu Natakam	43
	Jatra	44
	Tamasha	45
	Nautanki	47
	The Colonial British Theater	48
	The Parsi Theater	50
	Marathi Theater	52
	Sangeet Natak	52
	Modern Marathi Theater	55
	Vijay Tendulkar	57
	After Tendulkar	58
	Bengali Theater	59
	The Early Playwrights	60
	Commercial Theater	61
	Indian People's Theatre Association	62
	Modern Bengali Theater	63
	Hindi and English Theaters in India	65
	Theater in English	67
	Issues	68
	Dearth of Good Plays	68
	Plagiarism	70
	Competition for Audiences and Performance Space	70
	Conclusion	71
	A to Z Index	72
	Bibliography and References	74
4	Indian Literature in English	77
	The Development of Indian Literature in English	78
	The Early Years	78
	Novelists of the 1930s and 1940s	82
	1950s-1970s	85
	1980s Onward	88
	Pulp Fiction	93
	Amar Chitra Katha and the Revolution in Indian Comic Books	94
	Issues	96
	Writing in English	96
	The Publishing Industry	98
	Conclusion	99
	A to Z Index	100
	Bibliography and References	102
5	Print Media in India-Newspapers and Magazines	104
	History of the Indian Press	104
	The Early Years	104
	After 1857	107
	The Freedom Struggle	110
	After Independence	112
	Mrs. Gandhi and the Emergency	114
	The "Newspaper Revolution"	115
	Magazine Revolution	118
	The Contemporary Scene	119
	Issues	121
	Press Freedom	121
	Harassment of the Press	122
	Violence against the Media	122
	The Case of Tehelka.com	123
	Legislative Privileges	124
	Conclusion	125
	A to Z Index	126
	Bibliography and References	128
6	Radio	130
	History	130
	Channels and Content	136
	Issues	138
	Government Control	138
	Conclusion	140
	A to Z Index	140
	Bibliography and References	141
7	Television	143
	History of Indian Television	143
	The Early Years	143
	The Satellite Instruction Television Experiment	145
	Mrs. Gandhi: The "Tele-visionary"	147
	The Mother of All Soap Operas	149
	The Soap Opera of the Gods	151
	The Arrival of Satellite Television	154
	The Great Television Scramble	157
	Cablewallahs and MSOs	158
	Doordarshan's Response	159
	Programs	160
	General Entertainment	160
	News and News-Based Programs	164
	Sports Channels	166
	Religious Channels	167
	Children's Television	167
	Overseas Distribution of Indian Programs	167
	The Future of Television in India	168
	Issues	169
	Cable Operators and the CAS Act	169
	Government's Response	170
	Piracy and Plagiarism	172
	Conclusion	174
	A to Z Index	175
	Bibliography and References	177
8	Cinema	179
	Popular Hindi Cinema	181
	Plot	182
	Emotion	183
	Songs and Dances	184
	Genre	186
	History	186
	Issues	203
	Conclusion	211
	Films from the South	213
	Tamil Films and the Cinema of Politics	215
	The Entrepreneurial Spirit of Telugu Cinema	222
	The New Kannada Cinema	228
	Cinema in Kerala	232
	Conclusion	240
	A to Z Index	240
	Bibliography and References	244
9	Cricket	249
	History of Cricket in India	249
	Parsis and the Parsi Gymkhana	251
	Triangulars, Quadrangulars, and Pentagulars	253
	The Princes	255
	Ranji	256
	Baloo	257
	The 1930s Onward	258
	Post Independence	260
	Cricket in Contemporary India	262
	Cricket and Nationalism	263
	Commercialization of Cricket	265
	Match Fixing	266
	Why Do Indians Love Cricket?	268
	Conclusion	269
	A to Z Index	270
	Bibliography and References	272
10	Consumer Culture	275
	Signs of Modern Consumer Culture	276
	What the Shopping Malls Offer	277
	Cafe Culture	280
	Pubs	280
	Restaurants	283
	High Fashion	284
	E-Commerce	287
	New Age Spirituality	288
	New Age Gurus	289
	Issues	291
	Lack of Amenities	291
	Uneven Distribution of Wealth	292
	Conclusion	293
	A to Z Index	294
	Bibliography and References	296
	Conclusion	298
	Glossary	305
	Index	309
	About the Author	337