Neighborhood Jobs, Race, and Skills : Urban Unemployment and Commuting Book

	Preface
Ch. 1	Urban Neighborhood Unemployment and Neighborhood Economic Development Policy	3
	Introduction	3
	The Potential Effects of Nearby Jobs on Neighborhoods	7
	The Problems of Persistent and Growing Urban Unemployment in Chicago Neighborhoods	9
	Early Economic Development Policies: Federal, State and Local Policies Prior to World War II	13
	Postwar Economic Development Policies Targeting Distressed Urban Neighborhoods	15
	Current Neighborhood Economic Development Policies and Practice	18
Ch. 2	Theory and Evidence on the Impacts of Neighborhood Economic Development Policies	23
	Theoretical Critiques of Place-Based Economic Development	23
	Theoretical Arguments for Place-Based Policies	25
	Evidence on the Impact of Neighborhood Economic Development Policy on Firm Activity, Job Growth and the Employment of Neighborhood Residents	29
Ch. 3	Theory And Evidence on Factors Affecting Unemployment and Employment Patterns Across Urban Space	33
	Theories on Barriers to Employment and Job-Worker Matching Across Urban Space	33
	Evidence on Barriers to Employment	41
Ch. 4	Developing Models of Neighborhood Unemployment and Local Working Rates	49
	The Effect of Jobs on Neighborhood Unemployment Rates and on Local Working	49
	Modeling Neighborhood Unemployment	51
	Choosing the Neighborhood Area and Nearby Job Radius	55
	The Model for Local Working Rates	57
Ch. 5	Neighborhood-Level Job and Demographic Patterns in Chicago	59
	The Data	59
	Aggregating the Data and Constructing the Principal Data Set	60
	Summary Statistics and Spatial Distribution of Dependent and Key Independent Variables	62
Ch. 6	Estimating the Models and Interpreting the Results	78
	Estimating a Model of Neighborhood Unemployment	78
	Estimating the Local Working Rate	97
Ch. 7	Implications for Neighborhood Economic Development and Employment Policy	105
	From Empirical Results to Policy Analysis	105
	The Meaning of Race: Education, Discrimination, and Access to Job Networks	110
	Implications for Place-Based Policy Aimed at Reducing Neighborhood Unemployment and Increasing Local Working	112
	Implications for Race-Based Policies to Reduce Black Unemployment	121
	Implications for Education, Job Training and Placement Policies	127
	Final Consideration for Continuing Research and Policy Debates	130
	Bibliography	133
	Index	143