Multiple Organ Failure : Pathophysiologie, Prevention and Therapy Book

	Preface
	Contributors
1	History of MOF and Definitions of Organ Failure	3
2	SIRS, MODS, and the Brave New World of ICU Acronyms Have They Helped Us?	14
3	Systemic Inflammatory Response and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: Biologic Domino Effect	23
4	Risk Factors for MOF and Pattern of Organ Failure Following Severe Trauma	30
5	Risk and Setting for Multiple Organ Failure in Medical Patients	44
6	Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Surgical Patients	52
7	Systemic Inflammation After Trauma, Infection, and Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Is Autodestruction a Necessary Evil?	71
8	Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Cardiac Surgery: An Inflammatory Event: Can It Be Modulated?	82
9	Gut: Clinical Importance of Bacterial Translocation, Permeability, and Other Factors	86
10	Microcirculatory Arrest Theory of SIRS and MODS	92
11	Infection, Bacteremia, Sepsis, and the Sepsis Syndrome: Metabolic Alterations, Hypermetabolism, and Cellular Alterations	101
12	Ischemia and Reperfusion as a Cause of Multiple Organ Failure	108
13	Endotoxin in Human Disease and Its Endogenous Control	114
14	Untimely Apoptosis in Human SIRS, Sepsis, and MODS	131
15	Immunosuppression with Injury and Operation and Increased Susceptibility to Infection	134
16	Emerging Evidence of a More Complex Role for Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Cytokines in the Sepsis Response	145
17	Counterregulation of Severe Inflammation: When More Is Too Much and Less Is Inadequate	155
18	Reactive Oxygen Species in Clinical Practice	167
19	Nitric Oxide as a Modulator of Sepsis: Therapeutic Possibilities	176
20	Mast Cells	188
21	Eicosanoids	196
22	Platelet-Activating Factor	204
23	Therapeutic Complement Inhibition	214
24	Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interactions: Review of Adhesion Molecules and Their Role in Organ Injury	224
25	Care of Injured Patients in the Field, During Transport, and in the Emergency Department	243
26	Intensive Care Monitoring	254
27	Peritonitis: Management of the Patient with SIRS and MODS	264
28	Hypothermia Coagulopathy-Acidosis Syndrome: When to Operate/When to Stop Operating	273
29	Early Definitive Fracture Fixation with Polytrauma: Advantages Versus Systemic/Pulmonary Consequences	279
30	Abdominal Compartment Syndrome	291
31	SIRS and MODS: Indications for Surgical Intervention?	303
32	Nosocomial Infections in the ICU	309
33	Modulation of the Hypermetabolic Response After Trauma and Burns	322
34	Circulation	333
35	Effect of Inflammatory Conditions on the Heart	340
36	Lung	353
37	Renal Function and Dysfunction in Multiple Organ Failure	365
38	Metabolic Depletion and Failure: Muscle Cachexia During Injury and Sepsis	378
39	Immunomodulation of Cell-Mediated Responses: Is It Feasible?	389
40	Central Nervous System Failure: Neurotrauma Trials	398
41	Stress Gastritis: Is It a Disappearing Disease?	411
42	Gut and the Immune System: Enteral Nutrition and Immunonutrients	420
43	Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation	438
44	Refunctionalization of the Gut	447
45	Liver: Multiple Organ Dysfunction and Failure	459
46	Liver: Hepatic Support and the Bioartificial Liver	462
47	Laboratory Markers to Support Early Diagnosis of Infection and Inflammation	477
48	Endotoxin Antagonists	492
49	Blood Purification Therapy to Prevent or Treat MOF	501
50	Antithrombin III and Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor: Two Physiologic Protease Inhibitors of the Coagulation System	505
51	Rationale for Glucocorticoid Treatment in Septic Shock and Unresolving ARDS	514
52	Pathophysiologic and Clinical Importance of Stress-Induced Th1/Th2 T Cell Shifts	524
53	Pathophysiologic and Clinical Role of Interferon-[gamma] and Its Release Triggering Cytokines IL-12 and IL-18	531
54	Interleukin-11: Potential Therapeutic Activity in Systemic Inflammatory States	539
55	Minimal Surgical Procedures to Decrease the Stress Response and New Potential Therapeutic Agents	545
56	Wound Healing: Physiology, Clinical Progress, Growth Factors, and the Secret of the Fetus	553
57	Problems with Magic Bullets: Future Trials and Multiagent Therapy	562
58	Maximizing Oxygen Delivery and Consumption: In Whom and for Whom?	571
59	Gut Decontamination: Prevention of Infection and Translocation	580
60	Myocardial Depression: Is It Clinically Relevant?	591
61	Infection: Cause or Result of Organ Failure?	598
62	Hypertonic Solutions	605
63	Blood Substitutes	613
64	Growth Factors G-CSF and GM-CSF: Clinical Options	621
65	Anabolic Effects of Growth Hormone in Critically Ill Patients	630
66	Immunoglobulin Therapy: Where Does It Stand Clinically?	638
67	Horizons in the Anesthetic Care of Injured, Operated, and Stressed Patients	641
68	Integrative Biology and Genetic Variability: MODS' Next Frontiers	651
69	Are We Making Progress in Preventing and Treating MOF?	656
70	Ethical Considerations of MODS, SIRS, and MOF	663
71	Socioeconomic Impact of Multiple Organ Failure	672
72	Future Directions in the Treatment of SIRS and MODS	678
73	Summary and Overview: What Does the Future Hold?	689
	Index	693