Marxist Intellectuals and the Working-Class Mentality in Germany, 1887-1912 Book

	Preface
	Introduction	1
1	The Protest of the Young Intellectuals	11
	The Berliner Volks-Tribune, the Ubergangsmensch, and the Inner Movement	11
	The Jungen Rebellion	19
	The Jungen Appeal to Engels	26
2	The Academics as Critics	35
	Max Schippel: The Marxist Intellectual as Politician	35
	Paul Kampffmeyer: A Marxist Alternative to Politics	41
	Conrad Schmidt: Questions of Economic Theory and Philosophy	46
	Paul Ernst: Questions of Aesthetics and Practice	52
3	Two Paths for Marxist Intellectuals	60
	Kautsky's Clarification and Dissemination of Orthodox Marxism	60
	Heinrich Braun: Marxism as a Guide to Immediate Reforms	69
4	Discovering the Akademikerproblem	79
	Richard Calwer: Judging the Party in the Light of the Communist Manifesto	79
	The Frankfurt Conference: The Question of Salaries	83
	Kautsky on the Relationship between the Party and Bourgeois Intellectuals	85
	The Agrarian Question	89
5	The Cultural Meaning of Marxism	102
	The Sozialistische Akademiker, 1895-1896	103
	The Question of a Socialist Culture: Franz Mehring, Edgar Steiger, and the Gotha Conference	111
6	Revising Marxism	121
	Bernstein's Challenge and the Response of Kautsky and Bebel	122
	An Alternative Path for Social Democrats: Kampffmeyer and Schmidt	124
	The Intellectual as "Praktiker": Schippel, Calwer, and Wolfgang Heine	127
	The Neo-Kantian Revisionists	133
	Female Revisionists: Lily Braun and Rosa Luxemburg	135
7	The Akademikerproblem, 1901-1903	143
	Kautsky: Defending Orthodoxy	144
	Braun's Attempt to Mobilize Revisionist Intellectuals	151
	Preparing for a Showdown: Kautsky, Bebel, and Mehring	157
8	The Rout of the Revisionist Intellectuals	162
	The Contributor Debate	162
	After Dresden	169
	The Purge of Vorwarts	176
9	The Making of a Socialist Mentality	186
	The Problem of "Enthusiasm": Raphael Friedeberg, Robert Michels, and Luxemburg	187
	Renewal through Education: Otto Ruhle and Heinrich Schulz	193
10	Revisionists, Nationalism, and Accommodation	205
	The Sozialistische Monatshefte: Reexamining the Party's History	206
	The Nationalism of the Revisionists	212
	Accommodation by the Social Democratic Politicians	219
	The Hildebrand Affair: The Limits of Revisionism	223
11	The Exhaustion of Orthodox Marxism	229
	Kautsky: The Dilemmas of Orthodox Marxism	229
	The Radical Marxists: Renewing the Revolutionary Drive	235
	Orthodox Marxism as an Apologetic	244
	The Radical Marxists: The Myth of the Proletariat	249
	Epilogue	256
	Abbreviations	262
	Notes	263
	Index	325