Manzikert 1071 Book

Preface and Acknowledgments vii

List of Maps ix

List of Illustrations xi

Key to Maps xii

Chronology of Byzantine and Islamic History from Justinian to the First Crusade xiii

Introduction: Byzantium, Islam and Catholic Europe - The Battle of Manzikert as Historical Nexus 1

The Battle of Manzikert in Modem History

The Battle of Manzikert Revisited

A Note on Transliterations

Chapter 1 Byzantine Warfare from Justinian to Herakleios 6

Justinian's Wars and the Early Byzantine Army

Tug-of-war in the East and the Battle of Dara

The North African Campaign and the Battle of Tricameron

The Gothic War in Italy and the Battles of Taginae and Casilinus River

Strategic Challenges in the East in the Late Sixth and Seventh Centuries

Chapter 2 Islamic Warfare from Muhammad to the Rashidun Caliphate 32

Muhammad and the Rise of Islam 32

Islam's First Battles: Badr, Uhud and the Ditch

Rise of the Rashidun Caliphate and the Riddah War

Islamic Expansion in Syria and the Challenge of Byzantium and Persia

The Battle ofYarmuk River and the Muslim Conquest of Syria

The Battle of al-Qadisiya and the Conquest of Persia

Civil War and the Sunni-Shia Split

Chapter 3 Byzantine Warfare in an Age of Crisis and Recovery 67'Enemy at the Gates': The Arab Sieges of Constantinople

The Byzantine Army in Transistion in the Wake of the Islamic Conquests

Crisis on the Northern Frontier: The Early Bulgar Wars

Byzantium Resurgent: Military Reforms and Tenth Century Territorial Expansion

The Rise of the Rus and the Battle of Dorostolon, 971

Varangians, Bulgars and the Wars of Basil II? The 'Bulgar-Slayer'

Chapter 4 Islamic Warfare from the Umayyads to the Coming of the Seljuk Turks 98

The Expansion o/Dar al-Islam Under the Umayyads, 661?750

The Muslim Invasion of Catholic Europe and the Battle of Tours, 732

Changes in Islamic Warfare in the Late Umayyad and Early Abbasid Caliphates

Warriors from the Steppes: The Coming of the Turkic Peoples

Into the Dar al-Islam: The Conversion and Rise of the Seljuk Turks

Storm from the Steppes: The Seljuk Art of War

Chapter 5 Byzantine and Seljuk Campaigns in Anatolia and the Battle of Manzikert 120

Problems with Byzantine Military Structures and Strategy in the Eleventh Century

Seljuk Raiding in Armenia and Eastern Anatolia, 1048-1063

The 'Valiant Lion' Roars: The Rise of Alp Arslan and the Seljuk Raids, 1064?1068

Romanics IV Diogenes and his Early Campaigns, 1068-1070

Byzantine and Seljuk Movements in Early 1071

Preamble to Battle and Locating the Battlefield

The Battle of Manzikert

Debacle at Manzikert: Romanus' Political and Military Failures

Conclusion: In Manzikert's Wake -The Seljuk Invasion of Anatolia and the Origins of the Levantine Crusades 154

The Deaths of Romanus IV Diogenes and Alp Arslan

The Byzantine Civil War and the Rise of the Sultanate of Rum

Alexios I Komnenos and the Origins of the Levantne Crusades

Notes 165

Glossary of Important Personalities 183

Glossary of Military Terms 191

Select Bibliography 197

Index 200